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Wither-1. World English Historical Dictionary

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Wither-1. World English Historical Dictionary Dictionary Biographies Literary Criticism Welcome Terms of Service ⧏ Previous Next ⧐ Contents Slice Contents Key Bibliographic Record Murray’s New English Dictionary. 1928, rev. 2024. Wither-1 prefix, repr. OE. wiþer-, OFris. wither-, OS. withar-, OHG. widar- (MHG., G. wider-), = the adv. wiþer (see WITHER a.) used with sbs., adjs. and verbs (cf. WITH- 3), chiefly in the sense (1) against, in opposition or hostility, as in OE. wiþercrist antichrist, wiþercwide contradiction, resistance, wiþersaca WITHERSAKE, wiperwinna WITHERWIN; less commonly in the senses (2) in return or compensation, counter-, as in OE. wiþerléan recompense, wiþertihtle countercharge; and (3) in the opposite direction, back.

1   † 1.  In sense (1), used (esp. by Layamon) in compounds denoting hostile acts or contests, as wiþerblench, -ded [DEED sb.], -gome [GAME sb.], -hap, -ueht [FIGHT sb.], wiþerstrencþ resistance; also in the derived sense ‘adverse, evil,’ as wiþercraft, -laȝe [LAW sb.1], and (in personal designations) wiþerlaȝe [cf. OFris. witherlaga opponent] persecutor, wiþerþeod [THEDE] enemy people; occas. with verbs, as wiþerhalde [HOLD v.] to hold out against, oppose. (Often indistinguishable from WITHER a.) Obs.

2 c. 1200.  Ormin, 6905. Ȝiff he léte waxenn þær awihht off wiþerrstrenncþe Onnȝæn hiss aȝhenn oferrking. Ibid., 10227. To fihhtenn forr þe leode, To werenn hemm wiþþ wiþerrþeod.

3 c. 1205.  Lay., 272. Witen he wolde þurh þa wiþer-craftes [later text wise craftes] wat þing hit were. Ibid., 405. Þar aros wale & win & wiðer-heppes feola. Ibid., 9275. Ȝif þe king wolde wið heom wiðer-heolden. Ibid., 10968. Þe hæfde þurh his wiðer-laȝen muchel of þine cunne of-slaȝen. Ibid., 16318. Cuð hit is wide of ure wiðer-deden. Ibid., 24700. Summe heo wræstleden and wiðer-gome makeden. Ibid., 28669. Þa weoren wide to-floȝen: ut of þan wiðer-uehte.

4 a. 1225.  St. Marher., 5. Þe awaride wiðerlahen leiden swa luðerliche on hire leofliche lich, þet hit brec oueral.

5 c. 1250.  Long Life, 12, in O. E. Misc., 156. Nis non so strong … Þat mai ago deaþes wiþer-blench.

6   2.  In sense (2), † witherweȝe v. trans., to weigh again; witherweight Sc. (also wodderweght), a counterbalancing weight. Cf. WITHERNAM.

7 1340.  Ayenb., 137. To … wiþnyme his dedes … and telle, and weȝe, and *wyþerweȝe.

8 1642.  Row, Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.), p. xx. A *wodderweght to our bell to mak it ring the better.

9 1808.  Jamieson, Witherweight,… (witherwecht), the weight thrown into one scale, to counterbalance the paper, or vessel, in the opposite scale, which contains the goods bought.

10 1820.  Hogg, Wint. Even. T., I. 270. She’s nae wother-weight nouther.

11   3.  In sense (3), † witherhoked a., barbed [cf. MHG. widerhâke barb, G. -haken, EFris. wërhake]; † witherwise adv. Sc. [WISE sb.1 II], = WITHERSHINS.

12 c. 1330.  Arth. & Merl., 5666. Þis dragoun hadde a long taile Þat was *wiþþerhoked.

13 1643.  in Dalyell, Darker Superst. Scotl., x. (1834), 459. Shoe turnit hirselff thrie severall tymes round *witherwys, about the fyre.

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