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† Woolward. World English Historical Dictionary

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† Woolward. World English Historical Dictionary Dictionary Biographies Literary Criticism Welcome Terms of Service ⧏ Previous Next ⧐ Contents Slice Contents Key Bibliographic Record Murray’s New English Dictionary. 1928, rev. 2024. † Woolward a. Obs. Forms: see WOOL sb.; also 6 woldward. [ME. wolleward, prob. alteration of *wollewerd (of which there is perh. a relic in the form wellewerd, for wollewerd, of quot. 1480), from an unrecorded OE. *wullwerd, f. wull WOOL sb. + -werd, -wered wearing, clothed (in), f. stem of werian WEAR v.1 (cf. OE. línenwerd clothed in linen, and prob. scírwered, sweʓlwered ‘clothed’ or enveloped in brightness). The assimilation of -werd to -WARD, initiated by lack of stress, would be furthered by the prevalence of the word in the phr. to go woolward (cf. to go heavenward).] Wearing wool next the skin, esp. as a penance: chiefly in to go woolward.

1 c. 1315.  Shoreham, Poems, I. 1024. Baruot go, Wolle-ward and wakynge.

2 1377.  Langl., P. Pl., B. XVIII. 1. Wolleward and wete-shoed went I forth after.

3 c. 1450.  Mirk’s Festial, 43. Saynt Thomas, be come to Caunturbury, wolward and barfote.

4 1480.  Caxton, Chron. Eng., xcix. f 1. Good men … that wenten baarfoot & wellewerd [Brut 99 wolward] for to haue mercy of the ij. kynges. Ibid. (c. 1489), Sonnes of Aymon, xxvii. 574. He is goon his wayes wulwarde & barefote wyth a sory staff in his hande.

5 1508.  Fisher, 7 Penit. Ps. cii. Wks. (1876), 181. Truly it was a more glorious sight to se saynt Poule … in hungre, thurst, watchynge, in colde, goynge wolward.

6 1588.  Shaks., L. L. L., V. ii. 717. The naked truth of it is, I haue no shirt, I go woolward for penance.

7 1621.  Burton, Anat. Mel., III. ii. V. i. 627. Poore people fare coursly, worke hard, goe wollward and bare.

8 1646.  Trapp, Comm. John xvi. 2. If he thought his shirt were infected with that heresie, he would tear it from his own back, and rather goe woolward.

9 1822.  Scott, Nigel, xvii. To walk wool-ward in winter.

10   b.  in attrib. position or comb.

11 1493.  [H. Parker], Dives & Pauper, IV. xxi. (W. de W., 1496), 186/2. Auowe that she hath made to god as of fastynge, of pylgremage, contynence, wolwarde goynge, and such other.

12 1531.  Tindale, Expos. 1 John (1537), 23. His fastynge, his woldward goynge, bare foote goynge.

13 1628.  Bp. Hall, Serm., 30 March, Wks. 1634, II. 327. Their woolward and barefoot walks.

14 1655.  [G. Hall], Tri. Rome, vi. 73. What woolward penances, what weary pilgrimages?

15   c.  To lay woolward: to bury in wool. rare.

16 1604.  T. M., Black Bk., in Middleton’s Wks. (Bullen), VIII. 25. The sexton … so laid the dead bodies wool-ward.

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