En- prefix1. World English Historical Dictionary

En- prefix1. World English Historical Dictionary Dictionary Biographies Literary Criticism Welcome Terms of Service ⧏ Previous Next ⧐ Contents Slice Contents Key Bibliographic Record Murray’s New English Dictionary. 1897, rev. 2025. En- prefix1 the form assumed in Fr. (as also in Pr., Sp., Pg.) by the L. prepositional prefix in- (see IN-). The Eng. words in which it appears are partly adaptations of Fr. (occasionally Sp.) words, either of L. descent or formed in Romanic, and partly original formations upon Eng. words.

1   A.  Forms.

2   1.  In modern orthography and pronunciation en- becomes em- before b and p, and occasionally before m. This rule was not fully established in spelling before the 17th c.; in ME., as in OF. and OSp., enb-, enp- are more frequent than emb-, emp-, though the latter may perhaps represent what was the actual pronunciation.

3   2.  In ME. (as in OF.) en-, em-, freq. became an-, am- (a form which survives in AMBUSH). This an-, am-, like the native prefix AN- 1, was often reduced to a-: see APPAIR, APRISE. Conversely, the prefix a- of various origin was often changed into en-, as in embraid.

4   3.  From 14th c. onwards the prefix IN- (IM-) has been frequently substituted for en- (em-); and, conversely, en- (em-) has been substituted for the prefix IN- (IM-) of words of L. or It. origin, and for the native Eng. IN-. Nearly every word, of long standing in the language, which is formed with en- has at some period been written also with in-. Hence it is often impossible to determine whether in a particular word of Eng. formation the prefix en- or in- is due to the analogy of words of Fr., Lat., or purely Eng. origin; in many instances it must have been applied merely as a recognized Eng. formative, without reference to the analogy of any individual word. In 17th c. the form in- (im-) was generally preferred; the now prevailing tendency is to use en- (em-) in Eng. formations, and where the prefix represents Fr. en-; and in mod. reprints of 17th c. books, and in Dicts., the in- (im-) of the original texts is often replaced by en- (em-). In some words, however, as em-, imbed, en-, inclose, the form with in- still occurs, but in most cases less frequently than the en- forms; in a few instances in- has entirely superseded en-, even where the latter is etymologically more correct, as in imbrue, impair, inquest. In a few words (e.g., ENSURE, INSURE) the alternative forms have (in very modern times) been appropriated to express different senses. As a general rule the en- and in- forms are in this Dict. treated as belonging to one and the same word. A word still surviving in use is treated in the alphabetical place of its now more frequent form. In the case of obs. words, where there is no decided preponderance in usage, the choice of the typical form has been determined by etymological considerations: thus the adapted words from Fr. or Sp. with en-, and new formations app. on the analogy of these, are by preference placed under E; while words app. formed on Latin analogies, or prob. originating as compounds of the Eng. prep. IN, will appear under I.

5   The substitution of in- for en- has in part been due to notions of etymological fitness, the Romanic en- having been regarded as a corrupt and improper form of the L. in-, while the Eng. formations in en- were either referred to L. analogies or treated as compounds of the native preposition. The phenomenon seems, however, to be partly of phonetic origin. The sound of (e) initial and unstressed has in careless speech a tendency to pass into (ė) or (i); cf. the colloq. pronunciation of effect, ellipse, essential. Hence such forms as embed, imbed, enclose, inclose are in familiar pronunciation really homophones; many persons use the en- forms in writing, and (unconsciously) the in- forms in speech. From the occurrence of spellings like inbassed for embassade in the fourteenth century, it may be surmised that the tendency to ‘raise’ the initial (e) has existed from an early period.

6   B.  Signification and uses.

7   The applications of the prefix in Fr. (Pr., Sp., Pg.), and hence in Eng., are substantially identical with those of the L. in-, which was used to form vbs. (1) from sbs., with sense ‘to put (something) into or on what is denoted by the sb.,’ or ‘to put’ what is denoted by the sb. ‘into or on (something)’; (2) from sbs. or adjs., with sense ‘to bring or to come into a certain condition or state, to invest with a certain quality’; (3) from other vbs., with added notion of ‘within,’ ‘into,’ ‘upon,’ or ‘against,’ or with merely intensive force. Many L. or late L. words of this formation came down into Romanic, and have thence been adapted in Eng. In Romanic the prefix was extensively applied in the formation of new words, in strict accordance with L. analogies, exc. that in formations upon vbs. the notion of ‘against’ rarely or never occurs. In Eng. the analogy of the many words with en- adapted from Romanic gave rise to the extensive application of the prefix in the formation of Eng. words, its functions being the same as in Fr.

8   The compounds of EN- which have been in general use, or which require special comment, are given in their alphabetical place. The following are examples of those which are merely nonce-words, or of very rare occurrence. (See also EM-).

9   1.  Verbs formed by prefixing en- to a sb.

10   a.  With general sense ‘to put (something) into or on what the latter member indicates’:

11   † Enambush, to place in ambush; † enangle, to put into an angle or corner; encell; encentre, to place in the center of something; enchair; † enchariot; encist, to shut up in or as in a cist or chest; † encoach, to seat in a coach; encoil, to wrap in or as in a coil; † encouch, to lay upon a couch, fig.; encraal, intr. for refl., to lodge in a kraal; encrochet, to enclose in brackets; encup, to place in or as in a cup; encushion, to seat on a cushion; enfeature, to exhibit on the features; † engammon, to put or (intr. for refl.) get into the haunch (of a pig); † engaol (in quots. fig.); engarb, to put into a garb, clothe; engarment, to case as in a garment; englamour, to surround with illusion; † engown, to dress in a gown; † engyve, to put in gyves or fetters; enhusk; † enjourney, (refl.) to start on a journey; † enkennel; enkerchief; † enkernel; † enlabyrinth, to entangle as in a labyrinth; † enlead; enmagazine, fig.; † ennet, to entangle; † enniche, to set up in a niche, as a statue, fig.; enrib, to put within the ribs; † enseat, to install; enshadow; enshawl, to wrap in or cover with a shawl; enshell; † enshelter; † enslumber, to lull to sleep, lit. and fig.; † ensoap (see quot.); † enstage, to put upon the stage (of a theater); † enstock, to set in the stocks; † entower, to imprison in the Tower; † envapo(u)r, to shroud in vapor; enwall, to enclose within walls; enzone, to engirdle.

12 1611.  Chapman, Iliad, XVIII. 475/264. Within a vale … they there *enambusht them. Ibid., X. 257/136. His enambusht enemies.

13 17[?].  Cawthorn, Elegy Capt. Hughes, 28. Th’ enambushed phalanx.

14 a. 1400[?].  Morte Arth., 3782. His enmye … *enangylles abowte oure excellente knyghttez.

15 1856.  R. A. Vaughan, Mystics (ed. 4), II. XIII. iii. 371. Here dwells chaste coolness, safe *encelled.

16 1652.  Sparke, Prim. Devot. (1673), App. 623. What a deal of Sulphur and Gun-powder was *Encellered against that Day [Nov. 5]?

17 1843.  E. Jones, Sens. & Event, 111. If when the day was fine … *Encentred in this meadow, one revolved Inquiring gaze.

18 1859.  Tennyson, Last. Tourn., 104. Sir Lancelot, sitting in my place *Enchair’d.

19 1652.  Benlowes, Theoph., Postill for Author, Speculations high, *Enchariot Thee Elijah-like to th’ Skie! Ibid., X. lxxv. 188. Elijah-like … To be encharioted in fire.

20 1888.  Rhys, Hibbert Lect., 173. The dragons continued … *encisted in the subterranean lake.

21 a. 1618.  J. Davies, Wittes’ Pilgr., Wks. (1876), 22 (D.). Tamburlaine … *encoacht in burnisht gold.

22 1839.  Bailey, Festus (1848), 32/1. This world, within whose heartstrings now I feel myself *encoiled.

23 1596.  Edward III., II. i. 14, B 4 b. *Encouch the word, Before and after with such sweete laments.

24 1832.  Blackw. Mag., May, 729/1. The lane where gipsy gang had *encraal’d.

25 1806.  Southey, Lett. (1856), I. 397. He will … *encrochet [  ] thus what Hyems has to copy.

26 1881.  Mrs. Holman Hunt, Childr. Jerus., 144. The convent, which lay like the eye of a flower *encupped in hills.

27 1819.  H. Busk, Vestriad, IV. 725. Or in gilt equipage *encushion’d sit.

28 1843.  E. Jones, Poems, Sens. & Event, 43. The joy … in his face and eye … *enfeatured.

29 1673.  R. Leigh, Transpr. Reh., 23. Ratts *engammon’d in the fat Hanches of the Arcadian Sow.

30 1593.  Shaks., Rich. II., I. iii. 166. Within my mouth you haue *engaol’d my tongue.

31 1844.  Ld. Houghton, Mem. Many Sc., Valentia, 200. Engaoled in this unhealthy time.

32 1831.  Fraser’s Mag., IV. 139/2. The canting philanthropist, *engarbed as a quaker.

33 1859.  Miss Mulock, Romant. T., 101. The form which *engarmented that pure … soul.

34 1864.  Dicey, in Daily Tel., 15 July, 5/3. The memory of a great past still *englamours them [the Danes].

35 1613.  G. Fletcher, Christ’s Bloody Sweat, in Farr, S. P. Jas. I. (1848), 336. Here saw he lawyers soberly *engoun’d.

36 1603.  Florio, Montaigne, II. viii. (1632), 224. We … are … *engived and shackled in them [arms].

37 1788.  Burns, Ep. H. Parker, 12. A fiery kernel *Enhusked by a fog infernal.

38 1596.  R. L[inche], Diella (1877), 82. The next day, They would *eniourney them without more stay.

39 1603.  J. Davies, Microcosmos, 220. That alwaies in a Tub *enkenell’d lies.

40 c. 1806.  H. Kirke White, Poems (1837), 86. Sleep, baby mine, *enkerchieft on my bosom.

41 18[?].  M. Arnold, Switzerland, I. ii. 3. in Sel. Poems (1882), 123. I know that soft enkerchief’d hair.

42 a. 1843.  Southey, Nondescr., vi. (D.). A happy metamorphosis To be *enkernell’d thus.

43 1652.  Benlowes, Theoph., I. liii. My soul, *enlabyrinth’d in grief.

44 1598.  Florio, Impiombare, to *enlead or fasten or couer with lead. Impiombatura, an enleading or fastning with lead.

45 1887.  Grace King, in Harper’s Mag., July, 268/2. The incendiary material *enmagazined in their pages.

46 1598.  Florio, Irretare, to ensnare or take in a net or ginne, to entramell, to *ennet.

47 1761.  Sterne, Tr. Shandy, III. xxxviii. He … deserves to be *en-nich’d as a prototype for all writers.

48 1854.  Syd. Dobell, Balder, iii. 20. The strong *enribbed heart.

49 1602.  Fulbecke, Pandectes, 65. Whether base artificers are to be *enseated … in places of worth.

50 1636.  W. Denny, in Ann. Dubrensia (1877), 13. Pendant leaves his head *enshadow’d round.

51 1882.  E. A. Arnold, in Macm. Mag., XLVI. 143/1. The soft mantle of enshadowing hills.

52 1822.  Blackw. Mag., XII. 69. With what an air of tenderness, he *enshawls each ivory shoulder.

53 1877.  Blackie, Wise Men, 302. None In mortal frame *enshelled.

54 1604.  Shaks., Oth., II. i. 18. If that the Turkish Fleete Be not *enshelter’d, and embay’d, they are drown’d.

55 1611.  Chapman, Iliad, XXIV. 399/334. The guards … he *enslumberd.

56 a. 1612.  Donne, Βιαθανατος (1644), 155. Content to enslumber themselves in an opinion.

57 1610.  G. Fletcher, Christ’s Vict., in Farr, S. P. Jas. I. (1848). When the senses half enslumbered lie.

58 1598.  Florio, Insaponare, to *ensope, to sope clothes … to lay in suds.

59 1613.  Chapman, Rev. Bussy D’Ambois, Plays, 1873, II. 114. The splenative Philosopher … were worthy the *enstaging.

60 16[?].  Sylvester, Du Bartas (N.). I intend to tye th’ Eternal’s hands, and his free feet *enstock.

61 a. 1649.  Drumm. of Hawth., Answ. Object., Wks. (1711), 214. The *entowering of Henry the VI.

62 1605.  Sylvester, Du Bartas, II. iii. Vocation, 555 (D.). A black fume, that all *envapoureth.

63 1610.  G. Fletcher, Christ’s Vict., lvi. His Court with glitterant pearle was all *enwall’d.

64 1864.  Blackfriars, I. 32. The extent of ground thus enwalled.

65 1832.  J. Wilson, in Blackw. Mag., XXXI. 859. The groves that *enzone Greenbank.

66 1838.  Tait’s Mag., V. 218. Queens in luxury enzoned.

67   b.  With general sense ‘to put what the latter member indicates into or upon’ (a person or thing).

68   Enamber, to scent or flavor with ambergris (see AMBER 1); encap, to put a cap on; encolumn, to ornament (a wall) with columns; encoronall; encoronet; † encowl, to put on (a person) the cowl of a monk; endiadem, to crown, in quots. fig.; enfigure, to adorn with figures; † enfrieze, to ornament as with a frieze; † enfringe, to sew fringes upon; † engall; † engold; † engrape, to cover with grapes; † enhoney, fig.; † enlaurel, to crown with laurels; enleaf, to adorn with leaves, to wrap in leaves; † enmitre; enmoss; enrut; ensaffron, to tinge with yellow; ensand; ensandal, fig.; † enscreen; † ensilver; † enscarf; † enspangle; † ensparkle; enspell, to cast a spell upon; † enspice; † enstomach, to encourage; ensulphur; † entackle, to furnish (a ship) with tackle; † entask; entincture; † entinsel, to cause to glitter; † enturf; enverdure; enwood, to cover with trees.

69 1681.  in Phil. Collect., XII. 105. Buying … Amber and other requisites, and *Enambering therewith … Sugar.

70 1847.  Illust. Lond. News, 16 Oct., 256/1. His brow *encapt With the gloomy crown of Care.

71 1808.  R. K. Porter, Trav. Sk. Russia & Sweden (1813), I. iv. 27. The regal pride of *encolumned walls.

72 1858.  E. Caswall, Poems, 170. With … golden pillars *encoronall’d.

73 1881.  F. T. Palgrave, Visions of Eng., 47. What recks it, If an alien King *Encoronet thy brow…?

74 1622.  Drayton, Poly-olb., xxiv. 96. King Alfred … Left his Northumbrian Crowne, and soon became *encould.

75 1818.  Shelley, Misery, 439. Lady whose imperial brow Is *endiademed with woe.

76 1819.  Blackw. Mag., V. 322. Endiadem’d with … fleecy-silver’d cloud.

77 1774.  Poetry, in Ann. Reg., 21. Behold The tissued vestment of *enfigur’d gold.

78 1648.  Herrick, Hesper., I. 233. The Roome is hung with the blew skin Of shifted snake; *enfreez’d throughout With eyes of peacocks trains.

79 1714.  Orig. Canto Spencer, xxxix. 2. White Robes, *enfring’d with Crimson Red.

80 1611.  Florio, Affielire … to *engall or enbitter.

81 1382.  Wyclif, Bar. vi. 7. Trees … *engoldid and ensiluered. Ibid., Rev. xvii. 4. And the womman was … engoldid with gold, and with precious stoon.

82 1523.  Skelton, Garl. Laurel (Dyce), 656. Vinis *engrapid.

83 1603.  Florio, Montaigne, II. xii. (1632), 289. To *enhonny and allure us to these opinions.

84 1620.  Davies, Past. to W. Browne. Foe-men to faire skils *enlawreld Queene.

85 1789.  P. Smyth, trans. Aldrich’s Archit. (1818), 99. The bell of the capital … is *enleaved.

86 1837.  L. Hunt, Bluestocking Revels, iii. 39. Fruit … Enleaf’d on the bough.

87 1598.  Florio, Inmetriare, to *enmitre, to crowne with a mitre.

88 1818.  Keats, Endym., I. 231. Meadows that outskirt the side Of thine *enmossed realms.

89 1882.  H. C. Merivale, Faucit of B., III. II. xix. 153. Over which distance these *enrutted tracks made their uneasy way.

90 c. 1630.  Drumm. of Hawth., Poems, Wks. (1711), 6/2. And Phœbus in his Chair *Ensaffroning Sea and Air.

91 1879.  T. Hardy, Return Native, II. ii. A stratum of ensaffroned light.

92 1523.  Skelton, Garl. Laurel (Dyce), 654. With alys *ensandid about in compas.

93 1853.  B. Taylor, in Blackw. Mag., LXXIII. 744. Belted with beech and *ensandal’d with palm.

94 1641.  M. Frank, Serm., ii. (1672), 530. Heaven might now *enskarfe itself in a scarlet cloud.

95 1665.  Brathwait, Comment Two Tales, 42. Let night’s sable Curtain *enskreen these dark actions.

96 1382.  Wyclif, Bar. vi. 7. The trees of hem … also engoldid, and *ensiluered.

97 1648.  Herrick, Hesper., Mistress M. Willand. Sent T’ *enspangle this expansive firmament.

98 1593.  Nashe, Christ’s T. (1613), 144. Why *ensparkle they their eyes with spiritualiz’d distillations?

99 1884.  J. Payne, 1001 Nights, VII. 285. Her glances *enspelled all who looked on her.

100 1598.  Florio, Inspeciare, to *enspice.

101 1545.  T. Raynold, Womans booke, 59. The midwife … *enstomakyng her to pacience.

102 1611.  Chapman, Iliad, X. 7/131. Or opes the gulfie mouth of warre, with his *ensulphur’d hand.

103 1819.  Blackw. Mag., IV. 565. From the surge of hell’s ensulphered sea.

104 a. 1529.  Skelton, Garl. Laurel (Dyce), 545. Your storme driven shyppe I repared new So well *entakeled.

105 1606.  Sylvester, Du Bartas, I. iv. (1641), 32/1. The Heav’ns have … *entaskt my layes.

106 1768.  S. Bentley, River Dove, 6. Windows so Story-bedight: *Entinctur’d, Devotion to aid.

107 1652.  Benlowes, Theoph., XII. li. Spangles … *Entinseling like Stars the dew.

108 1523.  Skelton, Garl. Laurel (Dyce), 655. The bankis *enturfid with singular solas. Ibid., 666. *Enverdured with laurel leves continually grene.

109 1850.  Mrs. Browning, Poems, I. 121. Enverduring the green Of every heavenly palm.

110 1816.  L. Hunt, Rimini, iv. 81. The shade Of some *enwooded field.

111   2.  Verbs formed by prefixing en- to a sb. or adj., with general sense ‘to bring into a certain condition or state.’

112   † Enanger, to make angry; enapt, to make fit, qualify; enarbour, to convert into an arbor; † enazure, to render azure; † encalm = BECALM; † encanker; encannibal; encharnel (see CHARNEL sb.1), to bury; † encinder, to burn to ashes; † encluster; encommon; † endoubt (refl.), to feel doubt, apprehend; † endrudge (refl.), to enslave oneself; † endry; † enearnest; enfamous; † enfavo(u)r, to take into favor, to get (oneself) into favor, ingratiate; † enfear; † enfertile; † enfierce; † enfort, to convert into a fort, fortify; enfree; enfoul; enfreedom; enfroward; † engallant; † engarboil, to throw into commotion; englad; engloom, to render gloomy, change into gloom; engod; engolden, to make golden, also intr. to become golden; † engrand; engreen; † enlength; enlife; † enlusty, to delight; enmass; † enripe; † enruby; enruin; † ensad; † ensafe, whence ensafer; ensaint; enscroll; enseraph; enserf; † ensober; † ensound, to make sound; † enstable; ensucket (cf. SUCKET, sweetmeat), to sweeten; entempest; † enthirst; entrough, to hollow out like a trough; envineyard; enwaiter, to turn into a waiter; † enwaste; † enwine, to convert into wine; † enwoman; † enworthy, to make worthy; † enwrack, to bring to wrack, ruin.

113 1491.  Caxton, Vitas Patr., I. xxxviii. (1495), 53 a/1. The lorde … strongly *enangred came to the sayd pytte.

114 1651.  Jackson, Creed, XI. xvii. in Wks. X. 346. A diligent servant to a … cruel master … is thereby well *enapted … to be diligent.

115 1883.  H. H. Kane, in Harper’s Mag., Nov., 946/1. The richly carpeted stairs, *enarboured by vines.

116 1630.  Brathwait, Eng. Gentlewom. (1641), 301. That [woman] *enazures her seered veines.

117 1562.  J. Shute, trans. Cambini’s Turk. Wars, 34 b. Seinge the ship *encaulmed.

118 1489.  Skelton, Elegy Earl Northumb. (Dyce), 142. With my rude pen *enkankerd all with rust.

119 1854.  Blackw. Mag., LXXV. 131. If Mr. Parkyns had not *encannibaled himself.

120 1875.  F. W. H. Myers, Poems, Renew. Youth. The rulers came, *Encharnelled in their fatness.

121 1593.  Nashe, Christ’s T., 31 b. Many goodly streets … they *encindred.

122 c. 1630.  Drumm. of Hawth., Poems, 130. What Bands (*enclustred) neare to these abide.

123 1607.  Sylvester, Du Bartas, II. IV. ii. Good becomes more Good, the more It is *en-common’d.

124 1661.  Feltham, Resolves, II. lxxxii. 366. Their Mysteries might not … be … encommon’d.

125 c. 1400.  Rom. Rose, 1664. If I ne hadde *endoutet me To have ben hatid.

126 a. 1656.  Bp. Hall, Serm., xxvii. Wks. (1808), V. 374. Such is every one that *endrudgeth himself to any known sin.

127 a. 1440.  Sir Degrev., 418. My perkes ar stroyed And reveres *endreyde.

128 1603.  Florio, Montaigne (1632), 550. Vicissitude doth now and then *en-earnest my minde.

129 1613.  W. Browne, Brit. Past., II. i. (1772), II. 39. Padus silver stream … *Enfamoused by rekeles Phaëton.

130 a. 1650.  Sir S. D’Ewes, Autobiog. (1845), I. 377. Some wit, to enfamous the rare confidence of Mr. Felton [made an anagram on his name.]

131 1639.  Saltmarsh, Pract. Policie, 275. How to *enfavour your selfe with those you discourse with.

132 1650.  Fuller, Pisgah, II. i. 62. For to *enfavour themselves with the Emperour. Ibid., V. i. 144. If any shall enfavour me so far.

133 1584.  Hudson, Du Bartas’ Judith. A woman’s look his hart *enfeares.

134 1610.  Holland, Camden’s Brit., Scotland ii. 46. The rivers, Dee … and Done … *enfertile the fields.

135 1680.  Morden, Geog. Rect., Africa (1688), 445. Enfertiles all the Countries through which it passes.

136 1596.  Spenser, F. Q., IV. iv. 8. More *enfierced through his currish play.

137 1580.  Sidney, etc. Psalm cxxv. With her hilly bullwarkes Roundly *enforted.

138 1885.  D. C. Murray, Rainbow Gold, I. II. ii. 201. So is the stream of every human passion *enfouled or filtered by the heart it flows through.

139 1599.  Sandys, Europæ Spec. (1632), 170. The Free Cityes … have … *enfreed themselves from the Pope.

140 1606.  Shaks., Tr. & Cr., IV. i. 38. To render him, For the enfreed Anthenor, the faire Cressid.

141 1874.  Pusey, Lent. Serm., 181. Enfreed by God.

142 1588.  Shaks., L. L. L., III. i. 125. *Enfreedoming thy person.

143 1874.  Pusey, Lent. Serm., 248. God’s … enfreedoming, ennobling grace.

144 1599.  Sandys, Europæ Spec. (1632), 195. The only prickles that so *enfroward mens affections.

145 1599.  B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Rev., IV. i. If you could but endear yourself to her affection, you were eternally *engallanted.

146 a. 1641.  Bp. Mountagu, Acts & Mon. (1642), 67. To *engarboyle the Church upon high termes of Heresie. Ibid., 242. To engarboile disputes with needlesse assertions.

147 1523.  Skelton, Garl. Laurel (Dyce), 530. The larke … Of the soneshyne *engladid with the lyght.

148 1604.  Supplic. Masse-Priests, § 1. [These things] doe … exceedingly possesse and englad our hearts.

149 1610.  G. Fletcher, Christ’s Tri. over Death, ii. Th’ engladded Spring.

150 1795–9.  Southey & R. Lovell, Poems, 89. Night’s *englooming sway Steals on the fiercer glories of the day.

151 1874.  Pusey, Lent. Serm., 108. We might have been as God, yea … *engodded.

152 1825.  L. Hunt, Redi’s Bacchus in Tuscany, Poet. Wks. (1860), 386. That Vaiano, Which *engoldens and empurples In the grounds there of my Redi.

153 1849.  Tait’s Mag., XVI. 348. Yon wreath’d bower Engoldened with the westering sun.

154 1860.  Pusey, Min. Proph., 521. The whole world was *engoldened with evangelical preachings.

155 1655.  Fuller, Hist. Camb. (1840), 186. This duke … by all means endeavoured to *engrand his posterity.

156 15[?].  F. Davison, in Farr, S. P., Eliz., II. 327. *Engreening … those pleasant mountagnets.

157 1877.  Blackie, Wise Men Greece, 74. Engreen the hills.

158 c. 1530.  More, Answ. Frith, Wks. 1037/1. He hath somewhat *enlengthed it of late.

159 1603.  Daniel, Panegyr. King, xvii. A new season … Begins to enlength the days.

160 1599.  T. M[oufet], Silkwormes, Ded. A … little flame … to *enlife for aye the same.

161 18[?].  Lowell, Poet. Wks. (1879), 403. With wise lips enlife it.

162 1483.  Caxton, G. de la Tour, A j. This swete songe *enlustyed me.

163 1878.  H. M. Stanley, Dark Cont., I. xv. 392. The heroes of the great raid are *enmassed in view.

164 1503.  Sheph. Kalender, ii. For I *enripe … Fruits of the earth.

165 a. 1520.  Skelton, Bouge of Courte, 2. The sonne … enryped hath our corne.

166 1611.  Florio, Arrobinare, to *enruby, to make ruddy.

167 1876.  J. Ellis, Caesar in Egypt, 344. That dread shock … Left here *enruin’d … A city.

168 1634.  Sir S. D’Ewes, Jrnl. (1783), 55. A particular newes which much *ensadded my heart.

169 1652.  Sparke, Prim. Devot. (1663), 564. To Rescue and *Ensafe us. Ibid., 111. *Ensafers of Gods onely begotten Son.

170 1599.  Nashe, Lenten Stuffe, 59. Saint Gildarde … the Pope so *ensainted.

171 1864.  Spectator, 538. Like Charlemagne a high ensainted king.

172 1880.  Argosy, XXIX. 469. The aspect of some ensainted phantom.

173 1842.  Gentl. Mag., May, XVII. 479, note. Three ostrich feathers *enscrolled.

174 1858.  E. Caswall, Poems, 144. The Seraphs … Amidst their songs *enseraph’d me.

175 1882.  W. B. Weeden, Soc. Law Labor, 86. The *enserfed freeholders bought their freedom.

176 1651.  Jer. Taylor, Course Serm., I. xiii. 170. God sent him sharpnesses … to *ensober his spirits.

177 1562.  Bulleyn, Dial. Sorenes & Chir., 23 a. This decoction … doeth *ensounde … the member.

178 1534.  Whitinton, Tullyes Offices, II. (1540), 89. Whan … iustyce … *enstableth and encreaseth the ryches of theues.

179 1594.  Zepheria, xxiii. So did that sugrie touch my lips *en-sucket.

180 1800.  Coleridge, Poet. Wks., II. 155. Zeal unresisted *entempests your breast.

181 1640.  Bp. Hall, Chr. Moder. (Repr.), 14/1. Wine; whereby he is inflamed and *enthirsted the more.

182 1876.  R. Burton, Gorilla L., II. 129. The breadth of the *entroughed bed varies.

183 1848.  Clough, Amours de Voy., III. 293. Farewell … ye *envineyarded ruins.

184 1865.  Athenæum, No. 1959. 650/1. The *enwaitered greengrocer.

185 1494.  Fabyan, VI. clxxvi. 172. But durynge this siege, the Danys eft *-enwasted ye lande of Fraunce.

186 1548.  Geste, Pr. Masse, 86. Christes … bloud [is] *enwyned.

187 1595.  Daniel, Sonn., 42. That grace … doth more than *enwoman thee.

188 1626.  T. H[awkins], trans. Caussin’s Holy Crt., 64. You desire … to *enworthy, and distinguish your nobility.

189 1686.  W. de Britaine, Hum. Prud., xix. 84. You must study to enworthy your self.

190 1625.  Lisle, Du Bartas, Noe, 4. O world *enwrackt and over flown.

191   b.  Verbs formed (with sense as above) on adjs. or sbs. with the prefix en- and the suffix -EN5, as ENLIVEN, ENLIGHTEN. Most of these verbs were formed by prefixing en- to an already existing verb in -en; but a considerable number seem to be directly f. the adj. or sb. on the analogy of those of the former class. For examples see 3.

192   3.  Verbs, mostly transitive, formed by prefixing en- to a verb, with additional sense of in, or simply intensive (in poetry often merely to give an additional syllable); also vbs. f. en- + adj. or sb. + en- (see 2 b).

193   † Enaid, to aid, assist; † encarve; † encheck, to represent in mingled hues; † enchequer, to arrange in a chequered pattern; † enclaim; † encleanse; † enclog; † encolden; † encurb; † encurse; † endamnify, to damnify, cause loss to; † endart; † endazzle; endiaper, to dapple, variegate; † enditch; endizen, to set forth; † endrench; † endye; † eneich (see ECHE v.), to improve; enfasten; † enfester; enfoil; † enforge, to invent; † enfreeze; enfuddle; engarble, to mutilate; engaze, to comprehend in one’s gaze; engerminate; engladden; † englaze, to represent on glass; enguard; enhamper; † enhang; † enhedge; † enjangle, intr.; † enjudge; † enlanguish, to render languid; † enlap, to wrap in (something); † enlengthen; † enlessen; † enmilden; † enmingle; † enmix; † enorder; † enquicken; † enrive; † enscale, to climb; † enscore, to count; enseem, intr. = SEEM; † ensoak; † enstuff; ensweep; † entame; enthunder, intr.; † entoast, intr. to drink a health; † entwist, also fig.; † enwallow, intr.; † enweaken; † enwed; † enwiden; enwisen, to make wise; enwrite; † enwrong, to deprive wrongfully of; † enyoke.

194 1502.  Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W.), IV. vi. (1506), 178. Yf we haue poorenes of entencyon hym it shal *enayde.

195 1596.  Fitz-Geffrey, Sir F. Drake (1881), 22. *Encarving characters of memorie.

196 1611.  Sylvester, Du Bartas, II. iv. Schisme (1641), 228/1. Th’ artful shuttle did *encheck the cangeant colour of a mallard’s neck.

197 1648.  Herrick, Hesper., Oberon’s Pal., 56. Squirrels’ and children’s teeth late shed Are neatly here *enchequered.

198 1531–2.  Act 33 Hen. VIII., c. 1. The ordinaries *enclaiminge such offenders by the liberties of the churche.

199 1493.  Festivall (W. de W., 1515), 88. She was *enclensed with the clensynge of the holy ghoost.

200 1604.  Shaks., Oth., II. i. 70. Traitors ensteep’d, to *enclogg [Qq. clog] the guiltlesse Keele.

201 1627.  Feltham, Resolves, I. xlvii. (1631), 174. The hands and feet … are by degrees *encoldned to a fashionable clay.

202 1555.  W. Watreman, Fardle Facions, Pref. A. iij b. The golden graueled springes, thei *encurbed with Marble.

203 a. 1450.  Knt. de la Tour, 12. Y durst never telle it … for drede of *encursinge.

204 1615.  G. Sandys, Trav., 276. Those who hired the fishing … were *endamnified much by the violent breaking in of the seas.

205 1592.  Shaks., Rom. & Jul., I. iii. 98.        But no more deepe will I *endart mine eye, Then your consent giues strength to make flye.

206 1820.  Milton, in W. Irving, Sketch Bk., I. 97. An eagle … kindling her *endazzled [Areop. (1644) undazl’d] eyes.

207 1607.  Tragedie Cl. Tiberius, G 2 (N.). The troubled bosome of the maine, *Endiapred with Cole-blacke Porpesies, Prodigious Monsters, and presaging Signes.

208 1598.  Florio, Affossare, to ditch … about, to *endich.

209 1589.  Warner, Alb. Eng., V. xxviii. What so else Occurrants may interrupt … Our Penne shall not *endizen.

210 1593.  Nashe, Christ’s T. (1613), 44. My soule … will not *endrench mee in so much dolour as thou doost.

211 c. 1500.  Elegy Hen. V., in Percy, Reliq., 117. Grounde … Whiche wert *endyed with rede blode.

212 1635.  Pagitt, Christianogr. (ed. 3), App. 21. A thing … used to *eneich their health.

213 1848.  Clough, Amours de Voy., V. 66. To *enfasten the roots of my floating existence In the rich earth.

214 1686.  trans. Chardin’s Trav. Persia, 370. Rivulet’s, that … *enfertiliz’d the neighbouring parts on every side.

215 1609.  J. Davies, Holy Roode (1876), 16 (D.). Whiche His *enfestered sores exulcerates.

216 1773.  J. Ross, Fratricide, iv. 347. Resolved In this next cope to foil or be *enfoiled.

217 c. 1440.  Partonope, 2512. Such vntrouth wolde not he *Enforged … haue.

218 1596.  Spenser, Hymn to Love, xxi. Thou hast *enfrosen her disdainefull brest.

219 1822.  J. Wilson, in Blackw. Mag., XII. 113. Punch our powers insidiously *enfuddles.

220 1609.  Bp. W. Barlow, Answ. Nameless Cath., 73. The *engarbled Anatomie of a damned wretch.

221 1877.  Blackie, Wise Men, 212. If a man could … soaring sun-ward … *Engaze the radiant round.

222 1874.  Pusey, Lent. Serm., 305. Unless … grace *engerminate in what is spoken. Ibid., 246. Thee … Who didst … *engladden … me.

223 1610.  G. Fletcher, Christ’s Vict., in Farr, S. P. Jas. I. (1848), 75. In those windows doth his arms *englaze.

224 1605.  Shaks., Lear, I. iv. 349. He may *enguard his dotage with their powres, And hold our lives in mercy.

225 1855–9.  Singleton, Virgil, II. 163. Throughout many a year with awe Enguarded.

226 1881.  F. T. Palgrave, Visions of Eng., 279. The sword-hilt in the wound *enhamper’d caught.

227 c. 1386.  Chaucer, Monks T., 677. Thow schalt *enhangid ben, fader, certayn.

228 1632.  Vicars, Æneid, II. 57 (N.). Matrons … In heaps *enhedg’d it.

229 1580.  North, Plutarch (1676), 44. And touch the Harp without *enjangling jar.

230 c. 1380.  Sir Ferumb., 1959. Wharfor to ȝow y make my mone; *eniugieþ ȝe my foos.

231 1603.  Florio, Montaigne, III. xiii. (1632), 613. It is pitty a man should bee so weakened and *enlanguished.

232 1654.  Cokaine, Dianea, IV. 329. Her eyes, enlanguished by griefe.

233 1601.  Holland, Pliny, XXXVII. vii. 617. By reason of the clay wherein they [rubies] be *enlapped.

234 1646.  Sir T. Browne, Pseud. Ep., II. iv. 80. A smaller thred and more *enlengthened filament.

235 1548.  Geste, Pr. Masse, 127. To *enlessen theyr paynes in [purgatory].

236 1603.  Florio, Montaigne, III. xii. (1632), 599. And that *enmildens mee.

237 1781.  Burgoyne, Lord of Manor, I. i. 2 (D.). Sweets bloom *enmingled around.

238 1526.  Skelton, Magnyf., 2540. Fallyble flatery *enmyxed with bytternesse.

239 1669.  Evelyn, Three late Impostors, 70. It seemeth right to these your just debts to *enorder you to make satisfaction.

240 1647.  H. More, Song of Soul, Notes 145/2. He hath not yet *enquickened Men … with this Deiform life. Ibid., 162/2. The lower man is our enquickned body.

241 1596.  Spenser, Dolef. Lay Clorinda, i. That my *enriven heart may find relief.

242 1613.  W. Browne, Brit. Past., II. i. Then with soft steps *enscaled the meeknid vallies.

243 c. 1420.  Pallad. on Husb., I. 640. Other iiii *enscore her place into.

244 1818.  Lamb, Vis Repent., Poems 596. *Enseem’d it now, he stood on holy ground.

245 1523.  Skelton, Garl. Laurel, 23. *Ensokyt with sylt of the myry mose.

246 c. 1547.  Earl Surrey, Aeneid, II. 27. Did *enstuff … The hollow womb with armed soldiers.

247 1730.  Thomson, Autumn, 1109. *Ensweeping first The lower skies.

248 1855.  Singleton, Virgil, I. 157. The seas Ensweeping in its flight.

249 1600.  Shaks., A. Y. L., III. v. 48. ’Tis not … your cheeke of creame That can *entame my spirits.

250 1855–9.  Singleton, Virgil, II. 524. Æneas … terribly *enthunders in his arms.

251 1724.  Ramsay, Tea-t. Misc. (1733), II. 138. Shall I not to her health *entoast.

252 1599.  Shaks., Mids. N., IV. i. 48. So doth the woodbine, the sweet Honisuckle, Gently *entwist.

253 1800.  T. Jefferson, Writ. (1859), IV. 320. He will … entwist himself with the Envoys.

254 1596.  Spenser, F. Q., V. xi. 14. One sencelesse lumpe … *Enwallow’d in his own blacke bloudy gore.

255 1672.  W. de Britaine, Dutch Usurp., 23. They are sufficiently *enweakened.

256 1490.  Caxton, Eneydos, xvi. 62. Parys *enwedded the fayr heleyne.

257 1593.  Nashe, Christ’s T. (1613), 18. I haue opened & *enwidened Hell mouth, to swallow thee and deuoure thee.

258 1623.  Cockeram, Expatiate, to enwiden, to enlarge.

259 1646.  S. Bolton, Arraignm. Err., 355. We had … need rather … seek to lessen than to enwiden our differences.

260 1860.  Pusey, Min. Proph., 427. *Enwisening, rejoicing, enlightening the soul.

261 a. 1849.  Poe, To Helen, Poems (1859), 64. Heart-histories seemed to lie *enwritten Upon those crystalline, celestial spheres.

262 c. 1485.  Plumpton Corr., 65. Ye *enwrong her of certayne lands.

263 1879.  Farrar, St. Paul, II. 154. Be not again *enyoked with the yoke of slavery.

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