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-ation. World English Historical Dictionary

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-ation. World English Historical Dictionary Dictionary Biographies Literary Criticism Welcome Terms of Service ⧏ Previous Next ⧐ Contents Slice Contents Key Bibliographic Record Murray’s New English Dictionary. 1888, rev. 2024. -ation the particular form of the compound suffix -T-ION (-s-ion, -x-ion), which forms nouns of action from L. pples. in -āt-us of vbs. in -āre, Fr. vbs. in -er, and their English representatives. As mentioned under -TION (q.v.), the living form of L. -ātiōn-em in OF. was -aisun, -eisun, whence ME. -aisun, -eisun, -esun, mod. -eason, -ison; cf. ratiōn-em, reisun, REASON; ōrātiōn-em, ureisun, ORISON. All F. words in -ation (OF. -aciun, ME. -aciun, -acioun, -acyon) were of later and literary introduction from Latin, though many of them already existed before the earliest introduction of F. words into English, where, in theological writings, passiun occurs c. 1175, and sauvaciun c. 1225. In French, vbs. in -er:—L. -āre, far outnumber all others; they also constitute the type on which all recent verbs are formed; hence, nouns in -ation exceed in number not only the early words in -sun, -çun, -ssun, but all the other forms of -tion. In English, they number more than 1,500 in modern use; the obsolete examples amount to several hundred more: see, within a few pages, apostrophation, apparation, appendication, apprecation, appunctuation, aquation, argutation, ariolation, artation, asperation, aspernation, assectation, assecuration, assedation, assemblation. A few have no accompanying verb in English use, e.g., constellation, duration, lunation, negation, oration, ovation; the great majority have a verb in -ate, e.g., cre-ate, -ation, moder-ate, -ation, satur-ate, -ation; some are formed on Gr. vbs. in -IZE (of which the L. was, or would be, -īzāre, Fr. -iser), or their imitations, e.g., organize, -ation, civilize, -ation: the remainder have a vb. without suffix, derived through Fr., either with or without modification; e.g., modi-fy, -fication, appl-y, -ication, publ-ish, -ication, prove, probation; alter-ation, caus-ation, cit-ation, commend-ation, consult-ation, embark-ation, fix-ation, form-ation, not-ation, plant-ation, quot-ation, tax-ation, tempt-ation, vex-ation, visit-ation. To the mere English speaker the latter have the effect of being formed immediately on the Eng. verbs alter, cause, embark, fix, plant, tax, vex, visit, etc.; and -ation thus assumes the character of a living Eng. suffix. Hence, it comes to be applied to verbs not of Fr. origin, as in starv-ation, flirt-ation, bother-ation, backward-ation. For the meaning, see -TION; words in which -ation is, or seems to be, merely added to the verb, are synonymous with the verbal substantive in -ing; already in 17th c. the use of vexation, visitation, etc., instead of vexing, visiting, etc. (flirtation, starvation had not yet been heard of) was ridiculed thus:

1 1638.  Randolph, Amyntas, I. iii. 32. Thestylis. But what languages doe they speake, servant? Mopsus. Several languages, as Cawation, Chirpation, Hootation, Whistleation, Crowation, Cackleation, Shriekation, Hissation. The. And Fooleation!

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