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Surprise sb. World English Historical Dictionary

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Surprise sb. World English Historical Dictionary Dictionary Biographies Literary Criticism Welcome Terms of Service ⧏ Previous Next ⧐ Contents Slice Contents Key Bibliographic Record Murray’s New English Dictionary. 1919, rev. 2024. Surprise sb. Forms: see the verb; also 6 Sc. surpryis, 9 Sc. seerpreese. [a. AF., OF. surprise (= It., Sp. sorpresa, Pg. surpresa), pa. pple. fem., used subst., of surprendre: see next. Cf. the earlier SUPPRISE sb.]

1   1.  Mil. The (or an) act of assailing or attacking unexpectedly or without warning, or of taking by this means; sudden attack or capture of a fort, a body of troops, etc., that is unprepared; † formerly also in more general sense, seizure (of a person, a place, or spoil).

2 1457.  Harding, Chron., in Eng. Hist. Rev., Oct. (1912), 747. The wynners had it all withoute surpryse.

3 1583.  Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot., 196/2. Odiosissime et innaturalis surreptionis lie surpryis, captivitatis, restrictionis lie restraint regie persone.

4 1619.  Moryson, Itin., II. 159. Carefull watches against sallies or surprises of the Enemy.

5 1635.  Heywood, Hierarchy, I. 81. Æneas caried his Penates or houshold gods into Italy, after the surprise and combustion of Troy.

6 1645.  Pagitt, Heresiogr., i. 11. The surprise of Munster [which had been besieged 18 months].

7 1648.  Eikon Bas., xxi. 193. Nor doe I think, that by the surprize of my Letters, I have lost any more then so many papers.

8 1704.  Swift, Batt. Bks., Misc. (1711), 259. Resolving by Policy or Surprize, to attempt some neglected Quarter of the Antients Army.

9 1772.  Chron., in Ann. Reg., 129/1. Those taken prisoners in the surprize of the baggage.

10 1802.  James, Milit. Dict., s.v., When it is found expedient to attempt a surprize in the field, a sufficient number of men must be collected for the purpose.

11 1879.  Froude, Cæsar, xiv. 203. A fortified camp … capable of resisting surprises. Ibid., 220. The surprise was complete: the Roman army was in confusion.

12   2.  gen. The (or an) act of coming upon one unexpectedly, or of taking unawares; a sudden attack. Now rare or Obs. exc. as in b.

13 1598.  Shaks., Merry W., V. v. 131. The guiltinesse of my minde, the sodaine surprize of my powers.

14 1609.  Tourneur, Funeral Poem, 439. Where sodaine dangers with a fierce access Have made surprise upon him.

15 1621.  R. Hawkins, Voy. S. Sea (1847), 135. Neither packe nor chest is free from their [sc. insects’] surprises.

16 1796.  Burke, Corr. (1841), IV. 394. This is no casual error, no lapse, no sudden surprise.

17 1894.  H. Drummond, Ascent of Man, 198. What deer have to arm themselves most against is surprise.

18   b.  To take by surprise († at a surprise): to come upon unexpectedly, take unawares; hence, to astonish by unexpectedness: = SURPRISE v. 3, 5.

19 [1687.  T. Brown, Saints in Uproar, Wks. 1730, I. 78. To hinder the wicked from attacking you by surprize.]

20 1691.  trans. Emilianne’s Observ. Journ. Naples, 305. He might always be sure of his Blow, and could never be taken at a Surprize.

21 1806.  J. Beresford, Miseries Hum. Life (ed. 3), II. vii. A rushy pool, which takes you by surprise.

22 1849.  Macaulay, Hist. Eng., viii. II. 365. That he was taken by surprise is true. But he had twelve hours to make his arrangements.

23 1860.  Tyndall, Glac., II. xx. 338. This statement, I confess, took me by surprise.

24 1875.  Stubbs, Const. Hist., II. xvi. 482. Richard took the kingdom by surprise.

25   † c.  An attack of illness; a sudden access of emotion. Obs.

26 1670.  W. Montagu, in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.), I. 480. She … was at the time of her surprise actually intending the proposal.

27 1697.  Collier, Ess. Mor. Subj., I. (1709), 120. In the Heat and Surprize of Passion.

28 1719.  De Foe, Crusoe, II. (Globe), 330. An Excess of Joy, a Surprize of Joy.

29   3.  Something that takes one by surprise; an unexpected occurrence or event; anything unexpected or astonishing.

30 1592.  Arden of Feversham, III. iii. 30. Such great impression tooke this fond surprise. God graunt this vision bedeeme me any good.

31 1670.  Cotton, Espernon, III. XII. 639. He was in Bed,… when this news came to him; and doubtless it was convenient for him, that it should find him in that posture, the better to resist so strange a surprize.

32 1770.  Foote, Lame Lover, III. 69. My being here was as much a surprize upon Miss Charlot as —.

33 1772.  Priestley, Inst. Relig. (1782), I. 278. They are never any surprize to us.

34 1870.  Mozley, Univ. Serm., iv. (1876), 91. Surprises of this kind here … look like auguries of a greater surprise in the next world.

35 1879.  S. C. Bartlett, Egypt to Pal., iv. 97. Egypt, it has been well said, is the land of surprises.

36   b.  spec. A fancy dish, or an ingredient of a dish, a present, or the like, designed to take one by surprise.

37 1708.  W. King, Cookery, v. A Surprize is … a dish … which promising little from its first appearance, when open abounds with all sorts of variety.

38 1883.  Mrs. H. M. Plunkett, in Harper’s Mag., Jan., 240/1. One lady who had two little girls worked day and night almost to achieve her various ‘surprises.’

39 1888.  ‘J. S. Winter,’ Bootle’s Childr., xi. We want you to make us a surprise to put Father’s Christmas present in.

40 1893.  Earl Dunmore, Pamirs, II. 233. Plates of hot dough, with all sorts of juicy surprises inside them.

41   4.  The feeling or emotion excited by something unexpected, or for which one is unprepared. † a. Alarm, terror, or perplexity, caused by a sudden attack, calamity, or the like. Obs.

42 1608.  Shaks., Per., III. ii. 17. Our lodgings … Shooke as the earth did quake:… Pure surprize and feare, made me to quite the house.

43 1722.  De Foe, Plague (1754), 221. I have seen them in strange Agitations and Surprises on this Account.

44 1758.  S. Hayward, Serm., xvi. 496. Every thing … conspires to fill the soul with gloom and melancholy, nay with the greatest surprize and consternation.

45 1816.  Scott, Antiq., xxvii. My lord has been in sic a distress, and sic seerpreese, as I ne’er saw man in my life.

46   b.  The feeling or mental state, akin to astonishment and wonder, caused by an unexpected occurrence or circumstance.

47 1686.  trans. Chardin’s Trav. Persia, 20. The Vizier, faigning a kind of surprise, And what, said he, Are those Gentlemen still here?

48 1743.  Pococke, Descr. East, I. II. v. 122. We went on to the north, the Nile running through the rocks…. I ask’d them when we should come to the cataract, and to my great surprize they told me, that was the cataract.

49 a. 1763.  Shenstone, Ess., Wks. 1765, II. 214. Surprise quickens enjoyment, and expectation banishes surprise.

50 1822.  Scott, Nigel, x. Lord Dalgarno expressed much surprise at understanding that Nigel proposed an instant return to Scotland.

51 1908.  G. K. Chesterton, Orthodoxy, iii. (1909), 52. By asking for pleasure, he lost the chief pleasure; for the chief pleasure is surprise.

52   with a.  1712.  Addison, Spect., No. 357, ¶ 8. Circumstances which give a delightful Surprize to the Reader.

53 1794.  Mrs. Radcliffe, Myst. Udolpho, xxvii. She looked with a surprise on Annette.

54 1898.  ‘H. S. Merriman,’ Roden’s Corner, xiii. 138. Cornish … looked at the printed words with a vague surprise.

55   5.  attrib. and Comb., as surprise attack, target, turn, visit; surprise packet, a sealed packet with contents designed to surprise, sold at a trivial price; also fig.; surprise-party, (a) a body of troops for an unexpected attack; (b) U.S. and Colonial, a party who meet by agreement at a friend’s house without invitation, bringing provisions with them; surprise-piece, a part of the mechanism of a repeating watch (see quot.).

56 1900.  Daily News, 4 Aug., 6/1. Our *surprise attacks only surprised ourselves by the thoroughness of the enemy’s preparation for them.

57 1900.  Westm. Gaz., 15 Sept., 3/2. There is a dash of the *‘surprise packet’—if the expression may pass—about this bulky volume.

58 1841.  Lever, C. O’Malley, I. xlv. 241. Three cavalry regiments … intended for a *surprise party.

59 1860.  O. W. Holmes, Prof. Breakf.-t., iv. Now, then, for a surprise-party!

60 1872.  Schele de Vere, Americanisms, 236. On such an occasion friends and parishioners appear suddenly—for it is generally a surprise-party at the same time—at the parsonage.

61 1884.  F. J. Britten, Watch & Clockm., 254. *Surprise Piece..., a loose plate under the quarter snail of a repeating watch which prevents the quarter rack reaching the snail if the mechanism is set going at the hour.

62 1894.  United Service Mag., Oct., 39. Practice at *surprise targets appearing suddenly at unknown ranges.

63 1891.  Const. MacEwen, Three Women in One Boat, 72. *Surprise turns and crooked bends make you, if you know your river, as crafty as any old fox.

64 1891.  Bp. W. How, in F. D. How, Mem., xxiii. (1898), 323. I … paid them a *surprise visit.

65   b.  Bell-ringing. Applied to certain complicated methods of change-ringing.

66 1874.  Banister, Change Ringing, 16. New Doubles … may be rung by a system generally adopted by experienced ringers in surprise methods. Ibid., 58. London Surprise Major.

67 1902.  Encycl. Brit., XXVI. 521/2. A variety of ‘plain methods’ and ‘Treble Bob methods,’ among the latter being the so-called ‘Surprise’ methods, the most complicated and difficult of all.

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