Wind sb.1. World English Historical Dictionary

Wind sb.1. World English Historical Dictionary Dictionary Biographies Literary Criticism Welcome Terms of Service ⧏ Previous Next ⧐ Contents Slice Contents Key Bibliographic Record Murray’s New English Dictionary. 1928, rev. 2024. Wind sb.1 (wind, poet. also wəind). Forms: 1– wind, 3–6 wynd, (4 wint, wynt, whynde, wend, Sc. vend), 4–6 wynde, Sc. vynd, 4–7 winde, (5 wende, wyind, wijnd, wyynd; Sc. 6–7 wound, 6–8 win, 9 win’, wun). [OE. wind = OFris., OS., (M)LG., (M)Du. wind, OHG., MHG. wint, wind- (G. wind), ON. vindr (Sw., Da. vind), Goth. winds:—OTeut. *windaz:—pre-Teut. *wentos, cognate with L. ventus, W. gwynt, Breton guent; orig. a pres. ppl. formation (*wēnto-) f. root wē- of OE. wáwan (see WOWE), OHG. wâjan (G. wehen), Goth. waian to blow, waft, Lith. vējas wind, OSl. vĕjati blows, vĕtrŭ wind, OIr. feth air, Gr. ἄησι (:—*ἄϝησι) blows, ἀήτης wind, Skr. váti blows, váta wind.

1   The normal pronunciation would be (wəind), as in behind, bind, find, grind, hind, mind, rind, etc., and this pronunciation remains dialectally and in ordinary poetical usage. The pronunciation (wind) became current in polite speech during the 18th c.; it has been used occas. by poets, but the paucity of appropriate rhyming words (such as sinned, thinned, dinned) and the ‘thinness’ of the sound are against its general use in verse. The short vowel of (wind) is presumably due to the influence of the derivatives windmill, windy, in which (i) is normal.

2 1747.  Johnson, Plan of Engl. Dict., 12. To fix the pronunciation of monosyllables, by placing with them words of correspondent sound … so that the words wound and wind, as they are now frequently pronounced, will not rhyme to sound, and mind.

3   The following quots. contain examples of the pronunciation (wind) in modern poets:—

4 1855.  Lynch, Rivulet, LXXXI. (Jerusalem), iii. She hath sinned; Like ashes now her scattered sons Fly on the wind.

5 1866.  Swinburne, Poems, A Litany, 17. As the tresses and wings of the wind Are scattered and shaken, I will scatter all them that have sinned.

6 1885.  Tennyson, Wreck, vii. When her orphan wail came borne in the shriek of a growing wind, And a voice rang out in the thunders of Ocean and Heaven ‘Thou hast sinn’d.’

7 1913.  Bridges, La Gloire de Voltaire, 94. When sickening France adulterously sinned With Virtue, and went mad conceiving wind.]

8   I.  The literal sense, in various applications.

9   1.  Air in motion; a state of movement in the air; a current of air, of any degree of force perceptible to the senses, occurring naturally in the atmosphere, usually parallel to the surface of the ground.

10   a.  In general or collective sense.

11   In the collective sense now always with the definite article.

12   (a) sing.  Beowulf, 1132. Holm storme weol, won wið winde.

13 c. 897.  K. Ælfred, Gregory’s Past. C., xxxix. 285. Se ðe him ealneʓ wind ondræt, he sæwð to seldon.

14 a. 900.  Cynewulf, Elene, 1272. Winde ʓeliccost, þonne he … hlud astiʓeð.

15 971.  Blickl. Hom., 65. Ne biþ þær hungor, ne þurst, ne wind, ne ʓewenn.

16 a. 1200.  Vices & Virtues, 47. Se ðe gadereð mihtes wiðuten eadmodnesse,… he is ilich ðo manne ðe berð dust amidewarde ðe winde.

17 a. 1300.  Cursor M., 23667. Hat and cald and rain and wind.

18 c. 1320.  Sir Tristr., 372. Þe wawes were so wode Wiþ winde.

19 1340–70.  Alex. & Dind., 92. Whan þe wind on þe watur þe wawus arereþ.

20 c. 1380.  Wyclif, Sel. Wks., I. 72. A reede wawinge wiþ þe wynde.

21 c. 1400.  Maundev., iii. (1919), I. 10. The eyr so cleer þat men may fynde no wynd þere.

22 1471.  Caxton, Recuyell (Sommer), 381. On a night whan hit was paisible of wynd & of storme.

23 1535.  Coverdale, Ps. xvii[i]. 42. I will beate them as small as the dust before the wynde. Ibid., Amos iv. 13. He maketh the mountaynes, he ordeneth the wynde.

24 1594.  Selimus, C 2. Then let our winged coursers tread the winde.

25 1609.  Dekker, Ravens Alm., G. He seemed so chary ouer her, that it grieued him the winde should blowe on her.

26 1624.  Quarles, Job Militant, ix. 4. A storme of wind.

27 1667.  Milton, P. L., I. 231. As when the force Of subterranean wind transports a Hill Torn from Pelorus.

28 1697.  Dryden, Æneis, I. 438. Bare were her Knees, and knots her Garments bind; Loose was her Hair, and wanton’d in the Wind.

29 1794.  Vancouver, Agric. Cambridge, 177. Water engines that go by wind.

30 1849.  G. P. R. James, Woodman, viii. Not a breath of wind crossed the heavens.

31 1887.  Field, 10 Dec., 897. [He] kicked off … against both wind and sun.

32 1893.  Law Times, XCV. 104/2. A gust of wind blew the plaintiff’s mackintosh coat against the fence.

33   (b)  pl.  c. 825.  Vesp. Psalter, xvii[i]. 11 [10]. Volavit super pinnas ventorum, fleʓ ofer fiðru winda.

34 971.  Blickl. Hom., 51. Þas windas & þas reʓnas syndon ealle his.

35 a. 1300.  Cursor M., 22630. Windes on ilk side sal rise.

36 1390.  Gower, Conf., I. 34. Right now the hyhe wyndes blowe.

37 c. 1460.  Metham, Wks. (1916), 157. [I]ff Crystemes day falle vp-on Moneday, yt schuld be a gret wyntyr, and fulle off wyindys.

38 a. 1593.  Marlowe, Ovid’s Elegies, II. xi. Hither the winds blow, here the spring-tide roar.

39 a. 1614.  J. Melvill, Autob. & Diary (Wodrow Soc.), 261. The Lord of Armies, wha ryddes upon the winges of the woundes.

40 1638–56.  Cowley, Davideis, I. Notes, Wks. 1710. I 357. The Matter of Winds is an Exhalation arising out of the Concavities of the Earth.

41 1748.  Gray, Alliance, 43. Command the Winds, and tame th’ unwilling Deep.

42 1830.  Tennyson, Ode to Mem., 14. The dew-impearled winds of dawn.

43 1860.  Tyndall, Glac., II. viii. 263. The lighter débris is scattered by the winds far and wide over the glacier.

44   b.  In particularized use (see also 2).

45 c. 1000.  Sax. Leechd., III. 56. Bærn eal to somne on ða healfe ðe se wind sy.

46 c. 1250.  Gen. & Ex., 3087. Ðis wind hem broȝte ðe skipperes.

47 13[?].  Cursor M., 18919 (Gött.). Þar come a sune vte of þe air … Wid a wend at come wid-all And … fild all þat hall.

48 c. 1400.  trans. Secr. Secr., Gov. Lordsh., 52. An hote wende.

49 a. 1533.  Ld. Berners, Huon, xiv. 39. A small rayne abatyth a grete wynd.

50 1682.  Dryden, Medal, 252. The Climate, vex’t with various Winds.

51 1798.  Coleridge, Anc. Mar., V. v. And soon I heard a roaring wind.

52 1837.  Dickens, Pickw., xxviii. There was just such a wind and just such a fall of snow, a good many years back.

53 1880.  Sutherland, Tales of Goldfields, 1. Hot winds and floods destroyed the crops and ruined the farmers.

54 1895.  Stopf. Brooke, in Jacks Life & Lett. (1917), II. 520. A low wind wandered about like a fairy.

55   c.  A symbolical representation of the wind. (Cf. F. têtes de vents.)

56 1848.  Dickens, Dombey, xxxi. A cherub on a monument, with cheeks like a young Wind.

57   d.  fig. (sometimes = ‘rage’): cf. WHIRLWIND 2.

58 c. 1485.  Digby Myst., I. 45. Sle them all either for ffoo or ffrende: thus he commaundid in his furious wynde.

59 1787.  Beckford, Italy (1834), II. 248. The wind is up in the archbishop’s brain just at this moment, and by the least contradiction more would become a hurricane.

60 1876.  T. Hardy, Ethelberta, I. xi. 127. Lady Petherwin crashed out of the room in a wind of indignation.

61   2.  With specific reference to the direction from which it blows; usually qualified by the name of a point of the compass, or in pl. by a numeral, esp. four (hence sometimes transf. = points of the compass, directions).

62 c. 725–.  [see SOUTH a. 3].

63 c. 888.  Ælfred, Boeth., vi. § 1. Se suðerna wind hwilum mid miclum storme ʓedrefeð þa sæ.

64 a. 1000.  Boeth. Metr., xii. 14. Ʒif hine lytle ær stormas ʓestondað & se stearca wind, norðan & eastan.

65 c. 1000.  Sax. Leechd., III. 274. Ðas feower heafod windas habbað betwcox him on ymbhwyrfte oðre eahta windas.

66 c. 1340–.  [see NORTH a. 3].

67 1362.  Langl., P. Pl., A. V. 14. Þis souþ-Westerne wynt.

68 c. 1374.  Chaucer, Boeth., I. met. iii. (1868), 9. Þe wynde þat hyȝt borias.

69 1377–.  [see SOUTH-WEST C. 1].

70 1379.  Glouc. Cath. MS. 19. No. 1. lib. 1. c. 4 lf 12 b. The four wyndes, & thayre 8 wyndes.

71 1382.  Wyclif, Ezek. xxxvii. 9. Fro four wyndys cum, thou spirit.

72 c. 1425.  MS. Digby 233, lf. 224 b/2. Est wynde … hath tweyne syde wyndes oþer quarter wyndes.

73 1549.  Compl. Scot., vi. 61. The marynalis … hes … discriuit thretty tua sortis of vyndis.

74 1602.  Shaks., Ham., II. ii. 397. When the Winde is Southerly. Ibid. (1610), Temp., I. ii. 254. To run vpon the sharpe winde of the North.

75 1625.  N. Carpenter, Geog. Del., I. vi. (1635), 151. One Rhumbe answers to two coasts or windes.

76 1651.  T. Barker, Art of Angling (1820), 2. The Winde in the South, then that blows the Flie in the Trouts mouth.

77 1659.  Twysden, S. Foster’s Miscell., XIV. v. 27. Project these Azimuths or winds into the horizontal line.

78 1667.  Milton, P. L., II. 516. Toward the four winds four speedy Cherubim Put to thir mouths the sounding Alchymie.

79 1819.  Shelley, Ode to West Wind, i. 1. O, wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn’s being.

80 1849.  Lever, Con Cregan, xviii. The wind was a nor’-wester.

81 1853.  Dickens, Bleak Ho., xxviii. The cousins disperse to the four winds of heaven.

82   3.  In reference to navigation, as the means of propulsion of a sailing vessel.

83 Beowulf, 217. Ʒewat þa ofer wæʓholm winde ʓefysed flota famiheals.

84 c. 900.  trans. Bæda’s Hist., V. i. To þon ðætte … ʓesyndʓe windas … usic æt lande ʓebrohte.

85 c. 1205.  Lay., 236. He þonene iuatte forð aȝein mid þan winde.

86 1297.  R. Glouc. (Rolls), 6827. Þe wind hom paide wel & to þe se hii come.

87 13[?].  Propr. Sanct., in Herrig’s Archiv, LXXXI. 112/83. Þe wynt wox þo contrarious.

88 c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, vi. (Thomas), 44. Þan vent þai to þe se … &… gud vend þai had.

89 c. 1425.  Eng. Conq. Irel., xxxiii. 80. As thay wer wynd abydynge.

90 1543–4.  Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot., VIII. 249. The saidis boittis witht artalȝe, quhilkis war seperat be ane gret wound.

91 1549.  Compl. Scot., vi. 40. Afoir the vynd.

92 1617.  Moryson, Itin., I. 209. We sayled commonly with a fore wind, the winds being more constant in that sea.

93 a. 1625.  Manwayring, Seaman’s Dict. (1644), s.v. Ride, To Ride betwixt wind and tide, is when the wind and tyde have equall power.

94 1633.  G. Herbert, Temple, Provid., xxiii. The windes, who think they rule the mariner, Are rul’d by him, and taught to serve his trade.

95 1691.  Sir J. Ashby’s Acc. Engagem., 15. If the Wind had stood, we should have had more fighting.

96 1726.  Swift, Gulliver, III. i. I set up my sail, the wind being fair.

97 1792.  Mrs. P. L. Powys, Passages fr. Diaries (1899), 268. [We] set off in our vessel for Ryde, with wind and ride both against us.

98 1879.  [see FAIR a. 13].

99   b.  Naut. in various expressions referring to the direction or position of the wind in relation to the ship: hence also allusively.

100   e.g., To gain, get, or take the wind of, to get to windward of (another ship) so as to intercept the wind, to get the weather gage of: so to give, have the wind of. To keep one’s (the, a good) wind, to keep close to the wind without falling away to leeward. To take the wind out of the sails of (fig.), to deprive of one’s means of progress, put a check upon the action of, put at a disadvantage. To turn (the) wind, to turn so as to get on the other side of the wind. (For other phrases, as to haul one’s wind, to hold a good wind, etc., see the verbs.)

101 14[?].  Sailing Directions (Hakl. Soc., 1889), 13. By turnyng wynde at an est south of the moone.

102 1563.  Gresham, in Burgon, Life (1839), II. 41. They did all they colde to tacke the wynde of us.

103 1600.  Hakluyt, Voy., III. 198. All the three Biskainers made toward our ship, which was not carelesse to get the winde of them all.

104 1600.  Dallam, in Early Voy. Levant (Hakl. Soc.), 97. We havinge the wynde of the Spanishe ships.

105 1629.  Wadsworth, Pilgr., ii. 7. We … made all haste possible to gaine the winde of him.

106 1666.  Lond. Gaz., No. 74/2. The Zealand Admiral kept his wind, the Admiral of the Blew, with eight or ten more standing after him.

107 a. 1687.  Petty, Treat. Naval Philos., I. iii. What makes her [sc. a ship] Leeward or keep a good Wind.

108 1696.  trans. Du Mont’s Voy. Levant, xxvi. 350. They are oblig’d to take the Wind of us.

109 1704.  Lond. Gaz., No. 4054/1. The Wind shifted … to the Westward, which gave the Enemy the Wind of us.

110 1805.  Nelson, 6 Oct., in Nicolas, Disp. (1846), VII. 82. To keep the wind under three topsails and foresail for the night.

111 1822.  Scott, Nigel, ix. He would take the wind out of the sail of every gallant.

112 a. 1828.  Young Allan, vi. in Child, Ballads, VIII. 379. My master has a coal-carrier Will take the wind frae thee. She will gae out under the leaf, Come in under the lee, And nine times in a winter night She’ll turn the wind wi thee.

113 1849.  Cupples, in Blackw. Mag., LXV. 333/1. I felt the ship bring her wind a-quarter, with a furious plunge of the Channel water along her bends, that made every landsman’s bowels yearn as if he felt it gurgle through him.

114 1883.  Wirt Sikes, in Harper’s Mag., Feb., 339/2. A young upstart of a rival, Llanelly—not above a paltry three or four hundred years old—which has taken a great deal of the wind out of the sails of its older neighbor.

115   4.  As conveying scent, esp. the scent of a person or animal in hunting, etc.: in various phr., lit. and fig.

116   To take, have, get, gain the wind of, to scent or detect by or as by the wind; hence occas. to keep under observation. Conversely, to give (an animal) one’s wind. To keep the wind, to keep the game on the windward side so as to scent it, or so that it does not scent one. † On one’s wind, on one’s trail or track. † To the wind, to windward. Within wind of, near enough to be detected by.

117 c. 1330.  Arth. & Merl., 7956. Þis seiȝen þe sexten þousinde & comen swiþe on our winde.

118 c. 1470.  Henry, Wallace, VII. 469. The stynk scalyt off ded bodyis…, The Scottis abhord ner hand for to byd; Ȝeid to the wynd.

119 1530.  Palsgr., 751/1. I take the wynde, as a dere dothe of a person…. Let hym take good hede that they take nat the wynde of him.

120 1588.  Shaks., Tit. A., IV. ii. 133. My sonne and I will haue the winde of you. Ibid. (1593), 3 Hen. VI., III. ii. 14. Hee knowes the Game, how true hee keepes the winde? Ibid. (1601), All’s Well, V. ii. 10. Clo. Truely, Fortunes displeasure is but sluttish if it smell so strongly as thou speak’st of … Prethee alow the winde. Par. Nay you neede not to stop your nose sir: I spake but by a Metaphor. Ibid. (1602), Ham., III. ii. 362. Why do you go about to recouer the winde of mee, as if you would driue me into a toyle?

121 1606.  Marston, Parasit., II. D 1. Peace the woolfes eare takes the winde of vs. Ibid., III. F 1 b. We can take the winde, And smell you out.

122 1697.  Dampier, Voy., I. 391. We could smell them out in the thick Woods if we had but the wind of them.

123 1850.  R. G. Cumming, Hunter’s Life S. Afr., xviii. I gave the large herd my wind, upon which they instantly tossed their trunks aloft.

124 1865.  Carlyle, Fredk. Gt., XVIII. ii. V. 36. For here are the Prussians within wind of us!

125 1883.  Stevenson, Treas. Isl., x. We had run up the trades to get the wind of the island we were after.

126 1887.  Field, 19 Feb., 251/3. A small troop of four rhebok, which had … got our wind shortly before.

127 1890.  S. W. Baker, Wild Beasts, II. 92. I have myself been hunted out of the jungle by two rhinoceroses which thus gained our wind.

128   5.  In alliterative conjunction with weather: most freq., now always, wind and weather; formerly also weather and wind, also with the, or with one or both sbs. in pl.

129   † (a)  orig. connoting stormy inclement weather (cf. WEATHER sb. 1 g, h); (b) later, in neutral sense, atmospheric conditions as favorable or unfavorable for travelling: (c) now chiefly with reference to exposure to weathering influences.

130 a. 1225.  Juliana, 72. Buldeð ower boldes uppon treowe staðele þat ne dredeð na wind ne na weder nowðer.

131 13[?].  E. E. Allit. P., B. 444. Where þe wynde & þe weder warpen hit wolde, Hit saȝtled.

132 c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, xvi. (Magdalen), 220. Bo[t] tholyt al þat haly rowte In wynd & wedyre ly þare-owt Of þare tempil.

133 1377.  Langl., P. Pl., B. VIII. 41. Like to þe grete wawes, Þat as wyndes and wederes walweth aboute.

134 a. 1400.  Octouian, 1237. Good wynd and wedyr þay hadde at wylle.

135 1455.  Rolls of Parlt., V. 335/1. At the next Wynde and Wedder that will serve theym.

136 1513.  Sir E. Howard, in Ellis, Orig. Lett., Ser. III. l. 150. If wynde and wedour will serve.

137 1587.  Maitland Club Misc. (1840), II. 356. That he sould keip his hour wind and weddar servand.

138 1601.  Shaks., Twel. N., I. v. 255. Tis in graine sir, ’twill endure winde and weather.

139 c. 1630.  Risdon, Surv. Devon, § 330 (1810), 341. Wind and weather were ever against him, a proverb applied to the unfortunate.

140 1654.  Bramhall, Just Vind., iv. (1661), 56. With what art … the Papacy … was tacked into the Church contrary to wind and weather.

141 1667.  Wellshure, in Earl Orrery, St. Lett. (1742), 293. If it should be my fortune to meet with prizes, I shall bring them here, if wind and weather will permit me.

142 1712.  Swift, Jrnl. to Stella, 17 June. If it did not come in due time, can I help wind and weather?

143 1848.  Dickens, Dombey, lix. It is a great house still, proof against wind and weather.

144   6.  As a thing devoid of sense or perception, or that is unaffected by what one does to it: in phrases usually expressing futile action or effort, as to beat the wind (see BEAT v.1 1 c), to speak to the wind.

145 c. 1330.  Arth. & Merl., 7072. xii hundred ogain fourti þousinde Ferd, so smoke ogain þe winde.

146 1526.  Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W., 1531), 90 b. In so doynge, it may not be sayd that we bete the wynde.

147 1569.  Blague, Sch. Conceytes, 261. He spake to the winde.

148 1577.  Grange, Golden Aphrod., G iij. I see I swimme agaynst the streame, I kicke against a gode, I caste a stone against the winde.

149 1599.  Peele, David & Bethsabe, B iij b. He … makes their weapons wound the sencelesse winds.

150 1614.  J. Cooke, Greene’s Tu Quoque, G 3. To strike Ayres, or buffet with the Winde, That playes vpon vs.

151 1622.  J. Taylor (Water P.), Shilling, C 4. Like throwing feathers ’gainst the winde.

152 1697.  Dryden, Æneis, V. 595. Entellus wasts his Forces on the Wind.

153 1713.  Swift, Jrnl. to Stella, 10 April. This I tell her, but talk to the winds.

154 1860.  Miss Yonge, Hopes & Fears, I. 201. ‘Have you spoken to her?’ ‘As well speak to the wind.’

155   7.  In comparisons, as a type of violence or fury († phr. wroth as (the) wind), swiftness, freedom or unrestrainable character, mutability or fickleness, lightness or emptiness (cf. 14).

156 13[?].  E. E. Allit. P., C. 410. He wex as wroth as þe wynde towarde oure lorde.

157 1377.  Langl., P. Pl., B. XVII. 350. ‘I may no longer lette,’ quod he,… And went away as wynde.

158 c. 1470.  Golagros & Gaw., 770. Schir Golograse for greif his gray ene brynt, Wod wraith as the wynd.

159 1500–20.  Dunbar, Poems, lxvi. 27. Purpois dois change as wynd or rane.

160 1526.  Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W., 1531), 7 b. All dependeth of a thynge that is more lyght than is the wynde.

161 c. 1585.  [R. Browne], Answ. Cartwright, 83. A man of the winde, and false fellowe.

162 1590.  Shaks., Mids. N., III. ii. 94. About the wood, goe swifter then the winde. Ibid. (1592), Rom. & Jul., I. iv. 100. Vaine phantasie … more inconstant then the wind. Ibid. (1606), Tr. & Cr., I. iii. 253. Speake frankely as the winde. Ibid. (1610), Temp., I. ii. 499. Thou shalt be as free As mountaine windes.

163 1785.  C. Wilkins, trans. Bhagvat-Geeta, vi. 66. I esteem it as difficult to restrain as the wind.

164 1855.  Longf., My lost Youth, i. A verse of a Lapland song … ‘A boy’s will is the wind’s will.’

165   II.  Transferred senses. (See also 1 c, 2.)

166   † 8.  Air in general, as a substance or ‘element.’ Obs. exc. as in b.

167   To take wind: to become tainted or corrupted by exposure to or access of air; also fig.

168 c. 1250.  Hymn, in Trin. Coll. Hom., App. 258. Þu sscope eld & wind & water, þe molde is þet feorþe.

169 1393.  Langl., P. Pl., C. X. 56. Witt and water, wynd and fuyr.

170 c. 1400.  26 Pol. Poems, 101/19. In heuene, wiþ angels, aboue þe wynde.

171 c. 1420.  Liber Cocorum (1862), 34. Do hit in a barel þenne;… Stop wele þo hede for wynde.

172 1562.  J. Heywood, Prov. & Epigr. (1867), 183. It hath tane to much wynde in the poudryng tubbe.

173 c. 1586.  C’tess Pembroke, Ps. LV. ii. Then say I, O might I but cutt the wind Borne on the wings the fearfull dove doth beare.

174 1605.  Shaks., Macb., I. iii. 82. Whither are they vanish’d? Macb. Into the Ayre: and what seem’d corporall, Melted, as breath into the Winde.

175 a. 1610.  Healey, Theophrastus, To Rdr. (1616), I 2. By powring it out of the Latin into the vulgar … it cannot but (by my vnskilfulnesse) it hath taken some wind.

176 1626.  Bacon, Sylva, § 998. The Sword it selfe must be wrapped vp Close, as farre as the Ointment goeth, that it taketh no Wind.

177 1685.  J. Chamberlayne, Coffee, Tea & Choc., 44. If it [sc. tea] takes wind, ’tis spoiled, and has no more strength then dead leven.

178 1712.  J. James, trans. Le Blond’s Gardening, 18. Settle the Ground about the Plants, lest the Roots take Wind.

179   b.  Wind and water. (a) in phr. between (or betwixt) wind and water (Naut.), referring to that part of a ship’s side that is sometimes above water and sometimes submerged, in which part a shot is peculiarly dangerous; hence in fig. phr. expressing serious injury or attack. (b) attrib. and comb., as wind and water line, the part of a ship’s side between wind and water; also transf. (see quot. 18761); † wind and water tight adj., proof against wind and rain or flood.

180 a. 1500.  Hye Way to Spittel Hous, 615, in Hazl., E. P. P., IV. 52. Landlordes that do no reparacyons, But leue … Theyr housyng vnkept wynd and water tyght.

181 1588.  Cert. Advert. Losses Sp. Navie Irel., B 2. One of the shot was betweene the winde and the water, whereof they thought she would haue sonke.

182 1614.  T. Herode, in W. Foster, Lett. E. Ind. Co. (1897), II. 94. His ship had been long out and very much eaten between wind and water.

183 a. 1652.  A. Wilson, Inconstant Ladie, III. iv. Now they haue crackt mee betwixt wind and water A’most past cure. Stay, let me feele my selfe.

184 1655.  Fuller, Ch. Hist., X. ii. § 10. The good old man was shot between Wind and Water, and his consent was assaulted in a dangerous joincture of time to give any deniall.

185 1691.  Satyr agst. French, 27. These Female Frigats did more Mischiefs scatter, By their low tire of Guns ’twixt wind and water.

186 1726.  Adv. Capt. R. Boyle (1768), 260. They … had receiv’d a Shot between Wind and Water, and the Ship leak’d very much.

187 1876.  Preece, Telegraphy, 161. The ground line, or, as it is more frequently termed, the wind and water line.

188 1876.  Bancroft, Hist. U.S., V. ix. 426. The ‘Congress’ … was hulled twelve times, and hit seven times between wind and water.

189   9.  Compressed or confined air; air that inflates or is contained within some body. Now rare (and superseded by air) exc. as in 10, 12 (b). (With quot. 1689 cf. WINDAGE 1.)

190 a. 1225.  Ancr. R., 282. A bleddre ibollen ful of winde. Ibid. A nelde prikiunge worpeð al ut þene wind.

191 1450–1530.  Myrr. our Ladye, I. v. 17. As a blather full of wynde.

192 1560.  B. Googe, trans. Palingenius’ Zodiac, I. (1561), A vij. A blather full implete wyth wynde.

193 1615.  Markham, Country Contentm., I. viii. 109. A great ball of double leather fild with winde.

194 1689.  Binning, Light to Art of Gunnery, xiii. 42. How to Extract the Wind from the Bore of a Peece Geometrically, and thereby to know a fit Ball for the same.

195   10.  ‘Air’ or gas in the stomach or intestines (or, according to early notions, in other parts of the body); flatus. † Also pl.

196   To break wind, to discharge flatus from the stomach or bowels (see BREAK v. 47); † of a remedy, to cure or dispel flatulence.

197 c. 1000.  Sax. Leechd., II. 224. Ʒif sio wamb biþ windes full, þonne cymð þæt of wlacre wætan.

198 1398.  Trevisa, Barth. De P. R., V. xxxvii. (Bodl. MS.). Grete ventosite and winde þat stoppith þe weye of þe breeþ.

199 a. 1400–50.  Stockholm Med. MS., 151. For wynd in þe hed.

200 c. 1400.  trans. Secr. Secr., Gov. Lordsh., 70. It sterys hete to þe body, and destroyes wyndes.

201 1542.  Boorde, Dyetary, xxix. (1870), 292. Make no restryctyon of wynde and water, nor seege that nature wolde expelle.

202 1552–.  [see BREAK v. 47].

203 1611.  Speed, Hist. Gt. Brit., IX. xxi. § 76. An ouer-much quantity of a confection to breake winde from off his stomacke.

204 1620.  Venner, Via Recta, v. 89. The vse of milke is very hurtfull vnto them that are subiect to winde.

205 1637.  Milton, Lycidas, 126. The hungry Sheep … swoln with wind.

206 1661.  Pepys, Diary, 14 Aug. His pain (which was wind got into the muscles of his right side).

207 1702.  J. Purcell, Cholick (1714), 65. When the Pain spreads itself all over the Belly, ’tis occasion’d for the most part by Winds.

208 1707.  Floyer, Physic. Pulse-Watch, 378. That the Liver produces a Wind in the Heart that is, the Rarifaction of Humours.

209 1851.  Mayhew, Lond. Labour, I. 206/1. I can dispel wind in two minutes.

210 1860.  Leech, Pict. Life & Char., Ser. I. 147, Domestic Bliss. [speaking of a baby] That is not taking notice; it’s only the wind.

211 1897.  Allbutt’s Syst. Med., II. 911. Even respectable people take the ether…, pretending that it is useful for ‘the wind in the stomach.’

212   b.  To get the wind up (slang): to get into a state of alarm or ‘funk.’ So to put the wind up (a person).

213 1917.  P. Gibbs, Battles of Somme, xxii. 172. It was obvious that the blinking Boche had got the wind up.

214 1922.  C. Alington, Strained Relations, viii. 118. I tell you you’ve absolutely put the wind up Uncle Bob and Peter! They’re scared to death of your finding them out.

215   11.  Air inhaled and exhaled by the lungs: = BREATH sb. 3. Obs. exc. as colored by d below.

216 a. 1000.  Riddles, xv. 14. Ic [sc. a horn] winde sceal sincfaʓ swelʓan of sumes bosme.

217 13[?].  K. Alis., 6415 (Laud MS.). A litel hole in her chyn Where her wynde gooþ out & in.

218 13[?].  Cursor M., 531 (Gött.). Þis wind [Cott. aand] þat men draus oft Bitakins wind þat blauis on loft.

219 c. 1400.  Maundev. (Roxb.), xxii. 99. Þe preste … castez a clath on his mouth and stoppez his wynde.

220 1535.  Goodly Primer, O ij b. I begynne to waxe faynte, and scarcely able to drawe my wynde.

221 1601.  Holland, Pliny, XIV. xxii. I. 427. His wind he never tooke while the cup was at his mouth, but justly observed the rule of drinking with one breath.

222 1606.  Shaks., Tr. & Cr., III. ii. 33. She does so blush, & fetches her winde so short, as if she were fraid with a sprite.

223 1611.  Bible, Ecclus. xxxi. 19. And he fetcheth not his wind short vpon his bed [marg. Or, and lieth not puffing and blowing].

224 1865.  Field, 4 March, 151/2. Which seemed to knock all the wind out of him.

225 1918.  H. Lauder, Minstrel in France, xv. 174. I had precious little wind left to breathe with, much less to talk.

226   b.  Breath as used in speaking; hence transf. speech, talk (esp. in such phr. as to waste one’s wind). Obs. or arch. (exc. as implied in LONG-WINDED 2).

227 a. 1330.  Otuel, 216. Þat wind þou hauest i-lore.

228 c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 9788. All þaire wordis þai wast, & þaire wynd alse.

229 c. 1430.  Hymns Virgin (1867), 97. Do way, mercy, þou spillist myche winde.

230 c. 1460.  Sir R. Ros, La Belle Dame, 795. Ye noye me sore, in wastyng all þis wynde.

231 c. 1520.  Skelton, Garl. Laurel, 565. Let vs wast no wynde For ydle iangelers haue but lytill braine.

232 1599.  Shaks., Com. Err., I. ii. 53. Stop in your winde sir, tell me this I pray. Ibid. (1602), Ham., IV. vii. 67. For his death no winde of blame shall breath.

233 1616.  Withals, Dict., 573. Os opprime, keepe your wind to coole your pottage.

234 1722.  W. Hamilton, Wallace, 216. The Earl Buchan, tender but, and Young He did obtain for the wind of his Tongue.

235   c.  Breathing as a vital process; hence transf. life: = BREATH sb. 5. Obs. exc. in low slang.

236 c. 1450.  Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.), 226. My wynde is stoppyd, gon is my brethe.

237 c. 1530.  Songs, Carols, etc. (E.E.T.S.), 92. Now deth is vnkynd; For he seyth: ‘Man! stop thy wynde.’

238 1658.  Sir T. Browne, Hydriot., i. 8. The Scythians … swore by winde and sword, that is, by life and death.

239 1812.  J. H. Vaux, Flash Dict., Wind, a man transported for his natural life, is said to be lag’d for his wind.

240 1860.  Slang Dict. (ed. 2), 247. To slip one’s wind, coarse expression meaning to die.

241   d.  Easy or regular breathing; power or capacity of breathing; condition with regard to respiration: = BREATH sb. 7. Now only in sporting phrases.

242   Second wind, a condition of regular breathing regained after breathlessness during long-continued exertion. Wind and limb, limb and wind: see LIMB sb.1 2 d.

243 c. 1330.  Arth. & Merl., 8456. What for sorwe & eke for paine, Sche les winde & ek alaine. Ibid., 9226. Þer whiles Merlin … Dede his out wende, to take þe winde.

244 c. 1440.  York Myst., xxxv. 204. Þis bargayne will noght bee, For certis me wantis wynde.

245 c. 1440.  Capgrave, Life St. Kath., II. 1465. She was lyfted vp and comforted newe a-gayn. And at the laste, whan she had caute wynde, ‘Allas,’ she seyde.

246 1529–30[?].  Wolsey, in Ellis, Orig. Lett., Ser. II. II. 27. My brethe and wynde by sything was so short that [etc.].

247 1579.  E. K., Gloss, in Spenser’s Sheph. Cal., April, 50. He was almost out of wind [other edd. winds].

248 1596.  Shaks., 1 Hen. IV., II. ii. 14. If I trauell bat foure foot by the squire further a foote, I shall breake my winde.

249 1606.  Chapman, Gentl. Usher, II. i. 27. I never was more sound of winde and limbe.

250 1607.  Markham, Cavel., III. 8. By the many stops and stayes which are made therein, the horse recouers his winde.

251 1610.  Shaks., Temp., I. i. 9. Blow till thou burst thy winde.

252 1650.  B., Discolliminium, 39. Reformation of Religion has come … in such post-haste, that it hath broke its owne winde.

253 1686.  Jevon, Devil of a Wife, I. 6. Ay and he holds out the Note of one Verse till the Clark begins to sing the next, he has a pure Wind.

254 1735.  Somerville, Chase, I. 252. His round Cat Foot, strait Hams, and wide-spread Thighs, And his low-dropping Chest, confess his Speed, His Strength, his Wind.

255 1812.  Sporting Mag., XXXIX. 18. After sparring for wind in which the Black was deficient.

256 1830.  Hood, Epping Hunt, Advt. to 2nd ed. I am much gratified to learn from you, that the Epping Hunt has had such a run, that it is quite exhausted, and that you intend therefore to give the work what may be called ‘second wind,’ by a new impression.

257 1838.  Dickens, Nich. Nick., xxii. You had better get your wind now, and change your clothes.

258 1842.  J. Wilson, Chr. North, I. 19. Schoolboys are generally in prime wind.

259 1857.  Hughes, Tom Brown, I. v. Three-quarters of an hour are gone; first winds are failing, and weight and numbers are beginning to tell. Ibid., II. v. Tom … hits two heavy body blows, and gets away again before the Slogger can catch his wind.

260 1893.  Lydekker, Horns & Hoofs, 147. A bull … if allowed to get its ‘second wind’ … will go on almost for ever.

261   (b)  in reference to diseased or disordered breathing in horses: see BROKEN WIND.

262 [1523–:  implied in BROKEN-WINDED].

263 1615.  J. Taylor (Water P.), Urania, xlix. C 2. When hee’s [i.e., the horse is] broken in his winde.

264 1746.  Francis, trans. Hor., Epist., I. i. 14. Loose from the rapid Car your aged Horse, Lest in the Race … He drag his jaded Limbs, and burst his Wind.

265 1777.  Thicknesse, Journ. France (1789), I. 18. A very handsome English coach-horse (a little touched in the wind).

266 1918.  Act 8 & 9 Geo. V., c. 13 § 3. On the ground only of the stallion being affected in its wind.

267   e.  transf. (Pugilistic slang). That part of the body in front of the stomach a blow upon which takes away the breath by checking the action of the diaphragm.

268 1823.  in H. D. Miles, Pugilistica (1906), II. 206. Ward made play—whack on the head at both sides, then at the wind.

269 1853.  Dickens, Bleak Ho., xxvi. Judy … pokes him … particularly in that part which the science of self-defence would call his wind.

270 1898.  Daily News, 24 Nov., 7/3. Sharkey came back with his right, delivering several smashes on Corbett’s wind.

271   12.  Air as used for ‘blowing’ or sounding a musical instrument (wind-instrument) such as a horn, trumpet, flute, etc., or an organ-pipe: either (a) the blast or stream of air thus used, furnished by the breath of the player or by bellows; (b) the supply of air from which this is obtained, usually under compression (cf. 9), as in the wind-chest of an organ; or (c) the body of air within the instrument, whose vibration produces the sound.

272   spec. in Hunting, A blast or series of blasts on a horn blown at one breath.

273 c. 1374.  Chaucer, Troylus, V. 443. Þer is noon Instrument Delicious þorugh wynd or touche or corde [etc.].

274 c. 1500.  in Antiq. Rep. (1809), IV. 407. Immoderate wyndes in a Clarion causith it for to rage.

275 1596.  Gryndall, Hawking, etc. G iij b. When you goe into the field, blow with one wind one short, one long, and a longer.

276 1667.  Milton, P. L., I. 708. As in an Organ from one blast of wind To many a row of Pipes the sound-board breaths.

277 1700.  Dryden, Flower & Leaf, 357. Their Instruments were various in their kind, Some for the Bow, and some for breathing Wind.

278 1788.  Crowe, Lewesdon Hill, 27.          Yet what is music, and the blended power Of voice with instruments of wind and string?

279 1873.  Hamerton, Intell. Life, I. iii. 21. The wind in the pipes of an organ.

280 1915.  G. B. Shaw, Androcles, Prol. stage dir., Heaving a long sigh, like wind in a trombone, he goes to sleep.

281   b.  transf. The wind-instruments of an orchestra (or their players) collectively, as distinguished from the ‘strings’ and ‘percussion.’

282 1876.  Stainer & Barrett, Dict. Mus. Terms, Wood wind, or Wood wind-band, the flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, and instruments of their nature, in an orchestra.

283 1880.  Rockstro, in Grove, Dict. Mus., II. 561/2. An Orchestra consisting of thirty Stringed Instruments, with a full complement of Wind.

284 1904.  Daily News, 25 Feb., 8/5. The wind and percussion are prominent members of London orchestras.

285   13.  A blast of air artificially produced, e.g., by bellows (see also 12); the rush of air caused by a rapidly moving body. Const. of.

286 1556.  Withals, Dict. (1562), 48. The wynde of the belowes.

287 1594.  Marlowe & Nashe, Dido, II. i. He … whiskt his sword about, And with the wind thereof the King fell downe.

288 1602.  Shaks., Ham., II. ii. 495. With the whiffe and winde of his fell Sword, Th’ vnnerued Father fals.

289 1626.  Peeke, Three to One, B 1 b. The last Shotte flying so close by Captaine Portar, that with the winde of the Bullet his very Hands had almost lost the Sence of feeling.

290 1804.  Naval Chron., XII. 247. He was knocked down by the wind of the shell.

291 1888.  ‘R. Boldrewood,’ Robbery under Arms, III. v. 75. The bullet went so close that the wind of it half turned him round.

292   III.  Figurative and allusive uses. (See also 1 d, 3 b, 4, 8, 8 b, 10 b. and phrases in IV.)

293   14.  Applied to something empty, vain, trifling or unsubstantial. a. Empty talk, vain or ineffectual speech, mere ‘breath’ (cf. 11 b); † occas. empty fame (obs.).

294 c. 1290.  S. Eng. Leg., l. 289. Word nis aȝein hire bote wind.

295 1412–20.  Lydg., Chron. Troy, IV. 240. lt [sc. what you say] is but wynde, no þinge for to leue.

296 1413.  26 Pol. Poems, 52/50. For word of wynd lityl trespase; Non harm nys don, þouȝ word be spoken.

297 c. 1480.  Henryson, Cock & Jewel, 159 (Makculloch MS.). Of þis water to speik it wair bot wynd.

298 1564.  Becon, Wks., 1. Pref. As ☞ C iv. When such as are yet weake in knowledge of Christ … see nothyng in the Preachers but wynde & words.

299 1667.  Milton, P. L., VI. 282. Nor think thou with wind Of airie threats to aw whom yet with deeds Thou canst not.

300 1798.  Coleridge, Three Graves, 194. A curse is wind.

301 1823.  Scott, Quentin D., xix. Hard words, or kind ones,… are but wind.

302   b.  Vain imagination or conceit (with which one is ‘puffed up’: cf. 9); also wind in the head (with allusion to 10).

303 1484.  Caxton, Chivalry, 86. A knyght that … byleueth in deuynaylles … hath gretter fayth and hope in the wynde of his hede … and the deuynours than in god.

304 1526.  Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W., 1531), 103. Pryde … bloweth & fylleth a man or woman full of wynde & vayne glory.

305 1591.  Savile, Tacitus, Hist., IV. xxxix. 198. When Mutianus had filled with these windes of hope and desire his empty vainglorious minde.

306 1603.  Holland, Plutarch’s Mor., 311. Many … puffe up their owne conceits with nothing els but winde.

307 1634.  S. R., Noble Soldier, III. i. E 1. Fellowes which swell bigge with the wind of praise.

308 1779.  J. Brown, in R. Mackenzie, Life (1918), 146. I hope the Lord has let some of the wind out of you, that I thought was in you when first I knew you.

309 1918.  Blackw. Mag., Dec., 765/1. He has probably got wind in the head through living in that gorgeous Gothic pagoda on the drop scene.

310   c.  gen.

311 1382.  Wyclif, Job vii. 7. Haue mynde, for wind is my lif [Coverdale, my life is but a wynde].

312 1539.  Bible (Great), Isa. xxvi. 18. Wee haue bene wt chylde,… as though we had brought forth winde. Ibid. (1560), (Genev.), Hosea xii. 1. Ephraim is fed with the winde.

313 1687.  P. Ayres, Lyric Poems (1906), 306. Plough water, sow on rocks, and reap the wind.

314 1697.  Dryden, Virg. Georg., IV. 575. Then all his Frauds will vanish into Wind.

315 1831.  G. P. R. James, Philip Aug., xxi. But, in the mean time, we are disputing about wind.

316 1850.  Carlyle, Latter-day Pamph., v. 25. Is Society become wholly a bag of wind, then, ballasted by guineas?

317   15.  In various proverbial and other expressions, figuring or denoting a force, agency or influence that drives or carries one (or something) along, or that strikes upon one (or something), or to which one (or something) is exposed.

318   esp. in phrases (with variations: see quots.) What wind blows you here?; † All this wind shakes no corn (obs.); It’s an ill wind that blows nobody good (orig. † to good: cf. 3). To raise the wind: see RAISE v. 7. To sow the wind and reap the whirlwind: see WHIRLWIND 2.

319   (a)  in neutral or favorable sense.

320 c. 1374.  Chaucer, Troylus, II. 1104. What maner wyndes gydeth yow now here?

321 1546.  J. Heywood, Prov. (1867), 20. What wynde blowth ye hyther? Ibid., 30. To take wynde and tyde with me, and spede therby.

322 1579–80.  North, Plutarch (1595), 996 (Antonius). To tell him what wind brought him thither.

323 1599.  Shaks., Hen. V., III. iii. 30. Whiles yet the coole and temperate Wind of Grace O’re-blowes the filthy and contagious Clouds.

324 1639.  Mayne, City Match, I. iii. All this is possible, And in the starres and windes.

325 1663.  Patrick, Parab. Pilgr., xxvii. (1687), 309. When we have the Wind and Tyde of these pleasures to help us forward.

326 1859.  Meredith, R. Feverel, xxii. A good wind of laughter had relieved him of much of the blight of self-deception, and oddness, and extravagance.

327 1877.  Dowden, Shaks. Prim., v. 54. Shakspere is not yet caught up in the passionate wind of his own imagination.

328   (b)  in unfavorable sense.

329 c. 897.  K. Ælfred, Gregory’s Past. C., xlii. 306. Ne læte ʓe eow ælcre lare wind awecggan. [Eph. iv. 14.]

330 a. 1300.  Cursor M., 26995. Quat es mans lijf bot … a rek þat … skailles wit a windes blast?

331 1393.  Langl., P. Pl., C. XIX. 32. The worlde is a wykkede wynde to hem þat wolde treuthe.

332 c. 1450.  Cast. Persev., 2542. It is good, whon-so þe wynde blowe, A man to haue sum-what of his owe.

333 c. 1480.  Henryson, Cock & Fox, 211. This wikkit wind of adulatioun.

334 1526.  Tindale, Eph. iv. 14. Waverynge and caryed with every wynde of doctryne.

335 1546.  J. Heywood, Prov. (1867), 30. All this winde shakis no corne. Ibid., 77. An yll wynde that blowth no man to good, men say.

336 1573–80.  Tusser, Husb. (1878), 29. It is an ill winde turnes none to good.

337 1589.  R. Harvey, Pl. Perc. (1590), 1. All this wind shakes none of my Corne.

338 1633.  G. Herbert, Temple, Affliction (1st). Thus thinne and lean without a fence or friend, I was blown through with ev’ry storm and winde.

339 c. 1665.  Mrs. Hutchinson, Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1846), 19. They … may let loose the winds of passion to bring in a flood of sorrow.

340 1693.  Congreve, Old Bach., II. i. ’Tis an ill Wind that blows no body good.

341 1768.  [see TEMPER v. 2].

342 1776.  Hume, Hist. Eng., Life (1778), I. p. xiii. This variety of winds and seasons to which my writings had been exposed.

343 1815.  Wordsw., Sonn., ‘Weak is the will of Man.’ Wreaths that endure affliction’s heaviest shower, And do not shrink from sorrow’s keenest wind.

344 1833.  Mrs. Browning, Prometh. Bound, 1152. Such a wind of pride Impelled thee of yore full sail upon these rocks.

345   b.  In expressions referring to a tendency, turn or condition of affairs:

346   e.g., to know which say the wind blows; the wind has changed; † is the wind in that corner or door? (see CORNER sb.1 8, DOOR 6 c); to sail with every (shift of) wind, to turn every change of circumstance to one’s advantage; † to have the wind at will, to have circumstances or conditions favorable for one’s purpose.

347 c. 1400.  Gamelyn, 703. To telle him tydynges how the wind was went.

348 1470–1668.  [see DOOR 6 c].

349 1546.  J. Heywood, Prov. (1867), 75. I … knew, which waie the winde blewe.

350 1560.  Daus, trans. Sleidane’s Comm., 334 b. The Byshoppes of Germany hauynge the wynde at wyll, restore the same.

351 1562.  Bullingham, in Foxe, A. & M. (1563), 1541/1. Wel Palmer (sayd I) is the wind in that corner with you? I warrant you it wyl blow you to litle ease at thend.

352 1615.  Swetnam, Arraignm. Wom., To Rdr. A 3. You may perceiue the winde is changed into another dore.

353 1672.  W. Walker, Parœm., 9. To have the wind with one.

354 1695.  Congreve, Love for L., IV. xiii. The Wind’s chang’d?

355 1710.  R. G., Sacheverell’s Def., 7. We see the Dissenters can Sail with every Wind.

356 1818.  Scott, Br. Lamm., xxv. ‘Have I heard!!!’ said Caleb (who now found how the wind set).

357 1859.  Farrar, Julian Home, iv. Miss Sprong…, seeing how the wind lay, had tried to drop little malicious hints against the favourite nephew.

358   16.  a. To get or take wind: to be revealed or divulged, become known, transpire. Now rare.

359 1667.  Dryden & Dk. Newc., Sir M. Mar-all, iv. i. Keep this Wooing secret; if it takes the least wind, old Moody will be sure to hinder it.

360 1682.  News fr. France, 15. So the thing got wind, and was lookt on as a great impiety.

361 1711.  Swift, Jrnl. to Stella, 30 Dec. Masham’s being a lord begins to take wind: nothing at Court can be kept a secret.

362 1808.  Scott, Lett. to Ellis, 23 Dec. in Lockhart. Do you know the Review begins to get wind here!

363 1855.  Prescott, Philip II., I. II. vi. 401. Long before that time, the project had taken wind, and created a general sensation through the country.

364   b.  To get wind of: to receive information or a hint of, to come to know (cf. 4). Also with clause. Hence, in recent use, wind = a hint or slight intimation (of). (Cf. F. avoir le vent de, Cotgr.)

365 1809.  Malkin, Gil Blas, VII. vii. ¶ 3. The corregidor … got wind of our correspondence.

366 1866.  P’cess Alice, Mem. (1884), 133. They retreated again, when they got wind that troops were assembling.

367 1888.  Stevenson, Black Arrow, IV. iv. Some wind of the disaster seemed to find its way … even to the chamber where the ringers were leaping on their ropes.

368 1917.  T. R. Glover, From Pericles to Philip, xii. 378. It may be that the Spartan government had some wind of this.

369   IV.  Phrases with prepositions.

370   Before the wind: see BEFORE B. 1 b.

371   17.  By the († a) wind (Naut.): as near as possible to the direction from which the wind is blowing (see BY prep. 9).

372 1585.  T. Washington, trans. Nicholay’s Voy., I. xvii. 19. Hauing stroke our sayles, we did nothing but lie by the winde.

373 a. 1612.  J. Melville, Celeusma Naut. (MS.). With chearfull schowt and mirrie plesant sounde Scho saild fast be ye winde.

374 1627.  J. Smith, Sea Gram., ix. 42. All your Sheats, Brases, and Tackes are trimmed by a Winde.

375 1697.  Lond. Gaz., No. 3315/1. The best Sailer I ever met with by a Wind.

376 1794.  Rigging & Seamanship, 247*.

377 1806.  Moore, Steersman’s Song, ii. When by the wind close-hauled we go.

378   18.  Down (the) wind. a. In the direction in which the wind is blowing; along the course of the wind. Also down-wind (attrib.), situated in this direction, ‘lee.’

379 1604.  Shaks., Oth., III. iii. 262. I’ld whistle her off, and let her downe the winde, To prey at Fortune.

380 1674.  N. Cox, Gentl. Recreat., I. (1677), 93. The Hare … will … run upon a side or down the Wind.

381 1780.  Cowper, Progr. Err., 333. Down the wind she swims, and sails away.

382 1834.  Medwin, Angler in Wales, I. 235. I have had a hundred trimmers floating down the wind.

383 1855.  Kingsley, Westw. Ho! xxxii. The Spaniard fell off again, and went away dead down wind.

384 1885.  Ld. Walsingham, Shooting, 141 (Badm. Libr.). It is best to ‘give the dogs the wind’ at the beginning of the day—that is, to start down wind and gradually to work the ground in the direction from which it blows.

385 1895.  C. J. Cornish, Wild England, 184. We … found that … the birds had all run to the edge. Here we made the mistake of working the down-wind side first.

386   † b.  fig. Towards decay or ruin; into or (commonly) in a depressed or unfortunate condition, in evil plight; to go down the wind, to ‘go down,’ decline. Obs.

387 1600.  Holland, Livy, XXXIV. xxiii. When they saw him downe the wind and fortune to frowne upon him.

388 1671.  trans. Machiavelli’s Marr. Belphegor, 141. Though [he] was of one of the noblest Families…, yet he was look’d upon as down the winde [orig. poverissimo].

389 1673.  Cave, Prim. Chr., II. vi. 147. In the time of Constantine when Paganism began to go down the wind. Ibid. (1683), Ecclesiastici, Introd. p. lxvi. The Gentile-Temples, with all their Pomp and Retinue, went down the wind apace.

390 1827.  Scott, Jrnl., 25 April. The old Tory party is down the wind.

391   † 19.  In wind (fig. from 11 d): ready or fit for action of some kind. Obs.

392 1768.  Earl Carlisle, in Jesse, Selwyn & Contemp. (1843), II. 356. The shops are all as fine as if they expected you, and the people belonging to them all in wind to answer your questions.

393 1777.  Burke, Lett. to Sheriffs of Bristol, Wks. 1842, I. 217. In order to keep power in wind, it was necessary … to exert it in those very points in which it was most likely to be resisted.

394   20.  In the wind. a. In (or into) the direction from which the wind is blowing; to windward: (a) in reference to something which can be scented or perceived by means of the wind blowing from where it is (cf. 4, and see also b below); (b) in nautical use; also all in the wind (see quot. 1769).

395 c. 1410.  [see 26].

396 1580.  in Hakluyt, Voy. (1589), 474. Wee had a ledge of rockes in the winde of vs.

397 1582.  N. Lichefield, trans. Castanheda’s Conq. E. Ind., I. lxiv. 130. He cut and made his course into the Sea, to bring himselfe in the winde of those Sayles.

398 1634.  Massinger, Very Woman, III. v. Oh! how she holds her nose up, like a jennet In the wind of a grass-mare!

399 1678.  Dryden, All for Love, Pref. The tyrants were suspicious, as they had reason, that their subjects had ’em in the wind.

400 1697.  Lond. Gaz., No. 3262/3. It blowing fresh, and they bringing their Ship in the Wind, carried away their Foretop-mast.

401 1700.  T. Brown, trans. Fresny’s Amusem., 3. Like a heated Stallion that had a Mare in the Wind.

402 1769.  Falconer, Dict. Marine (1780), All in the Wind, the state of a ship’s sails when they are parallel to the direction of the wind, so as to shake and shiver.

403 1834.  Marryat, P. Simple, xvi. We threw up in the wind, and raked them.

404   b.  fig. So as to be ‘scented’ or perceived (or so as to ‘scent’ or perceive something); to have in the wind, to ‘scent,’ to detect or discover the presence of; sometimes, to be on the scent or trail of, be in search of.

405 1540.  Palsgr., Acolastus, II. iii. L j. Where we can get any meate in the wynde, thyther wylle we resorte.

406 1599.  Nashe, Lenten Stuffe, Wks. (Grosart), V. 230. Of him and none but him who in valuation is woorth 18 huge Argosees … haue I took sent or come in the wind of.

407 1601.  Shaks., All’s Well, III. vi. 122. I sent to her By this same Coxcombe that we haue i’th winde Tokens and Letters, which she did resend.

408 1624.  Sanderson, Serm., 1 Tim. iv. 4 (1674), I. 248. The Courtiers and Officers lie in the wind for them.

409 1771.  Smollett, Humphry Cl., II. 10 June Let. i. The first was noted for having a seaman’s eye, when a bailiff was in the wind.

410 1826.  J. F. Cooper, Last of Mohicans, xiii. The Mohicans hear an enemy!… They scent danger in the wind!

411 1844.  Dickens, Mart. Chuz., xxv. Mrs. Gamp … scenting no more rum in the wind (for the bottle was locked up again) rose to take her departure.

412   c.  predicatively: Happening or ready to happen; astir, afoot, ‘up’; (of a person or thing) as the subject of what is going on, ‘in the business’: usually with implication of being suspected or indistinctly apprehended (cf. b).

413 c. 1535.  Sir F. Bygod, Treat. Impropriations, D j. A thynge there is in the wynde … which I trust in God wyl one day come to lyght.

414 a. 1566.  R. Edwards, Damon & Pithias (1571), B iij b. There is sumwhat in the winde: His lookes bewrayes his inwarde troubled mynde.

415 1681.  Dryden, Span. Friar, III. i. 32. Where are you, Gentlewoman? there’s something in the wind I’m sure.

416 1748.  Richardson, Clarissa, II. xliv. 304. She thought something was in the wind, when my Brother came into my dining here so readily.

417 1826.  Disraeli, Viv. Grey, V. xiv. There must be something in the wind, perhaps a war.

418 1855.  Kingsley, Westw. Ho! iv. There’s a woman in the wind…. I’ll lay my life on it.

419 1891.  R. Kipling, Light that Failed, vi. 109. He’d have told us if there was a horse in the wind. It’s a girl.

420   d.  To hang in the wind: to remain in suspense or indecision.

421 c. 1536.  Starkey, Lett. to Cromwell in England (1878), p. xxxix. You schal fynd me … to be no sterter, wauerar, nor hengar in the wynd.

422 1555.  J. Proctor, Hist. Wyat’s Rebell., 42 b. Such of those partes as honge in the wind, as neuters.

423 1640.  J. D., Knave in Grain, II. i. D 2 b. Hang not ith’ winde, (delay does torture).

424 1881.  [see HANG v. 17].

425   † e.  To cast in the wind: to ‘fling to the winds.’

426 1652.  H. Bell, Luther’s Colloq., iii. 66. Otherwise, wee had cast in the winde, and scorned to … consider of that which now wee have plainly expressed in the Scriptures. Ibid., xi. 178. It regarded them not, but casteth them in the winde.

427   f.  Horsemanship. (See quot.)

428 1805.  C. James, Milit. Dict. (ed. 2), s.v., A horse that carries in the wind, is one that tosses his nose as high as his ears, and does not carry handsomely.

429   g.  Naut. slang (predicatively). Intoxicated; the worse for liquor: usually with qualification, esp. three sheets in the wind. (Cf. all in the wind in a (b) above.)

430 1821–83.  [see SHEET sb.2 2].

431 1835.  Court Mag., VI. 197/2. The anger of those who were what is termed ‘a little in the wind,’ was now roused.

432 1840.  Marryat, Poor Jack, xlvii. I’m not in the wind, at all events, for you see I’m perfectly sober.

433   21.  Into the wind: into or towards the direction from which the wind is blowing; so as to face the wind.

434 1918.  Blackw. Mag., March, 294/2. You [in an aeroplane] are tempted to turn into the wind and land.

435   22.  Near the wind: nearly in the direction from which the wind is blowing; hence fig. nearly up to the possible or permissible limit; about as far as is safe, justifiable or decent.

436 1560.  W. Honnyng, in Wright, Q. Eliz. (1838), I. 44. I went so near the winde with the keper, that I told hym your Lordshippe knewe I wolde in reason respecte the game as fully as he.

437 a. 1700.  B. E., Dict. Cant. Crew, He’ll go as near the Wind as another, live as thrifty and wary as any one.

438 1837.  Wellington, in Davey’s Catal. (1895), 35. It is impossible for me to attempt to go too near the Wind.

439 1883.  [see SAIL v.1 1 c].

440   23.  Off the († a) wind (Naut.): away from the wind; the opposite of on or near the wind.

441 1813.  Examiner, 4 Jan., 6/1. The enemy keeping two points off the wind.

442 1836.  Marryat, Pirate, xiv. The Enterprise was again steered more off the wind.

443 1846.  Raikes, Life of Brenton, 332. The Spartan was off the wind.

444 1862.  ‘Vanderdecken,’ Yacht Sailor, 144. Running off the wind with a quarterly sea will test your powers to the utmost.

445   24.  On a (less commonly the) wind (Naut.): towards or close to the direction from which the wind is blowing; (of the ship) sailing or heading in this direction.

446 1697.  Lond. Gaz., No. 3315/1. I crouded Sail to Leeward to him, trimming my Sails on a Wind tho’ I went before it, that he should not discover my square Yards.

447 1748.  Anson’s Voy., III. v. 342. The proas … sailing most excellently on a wind.

448 1798.  in Nicolas, Disp. Nelson (1846), VII. p. cliv. The Swiftsure and Alexander standing towards us with all sail on a wind.

449 1840.  R. H. Dana, Bef. Mast, iv. Clippers are fastest on the wind.

450 1898.  F. T. Bullen, Cruise ‘Cachalot,’ xxviii. 377. We, being ‘on the wind, close-hauled,’ were bound by the ‘rule of the road at sea’ to keep our course when meeting a ship running free.

451   25.  To the wind. a. Naut. Towards the direction from which the wind is blowing; so as to be on the wind (see 24). Close to the wind, very nearly in this direction: also fig. (see SAIL v.1 1 c, and cf. 22).

452 1795.  Nelson, 14 March, in Nicolas, Disp. (1845), II. 15. Signal for the Fleet to come to the wind on the larboard tack.

453 1836.  Marryat, Midsh. Easy, xviii. Gascoigne went to the helm, [and] brought the boat up to the wind.

454   b.  To fling, give, throw, etc., to the winds (fig.): to cast away, reject utterly. So to go to the winds: to be cast away or aside, to vanish utterly.

455 1667.  Milton, P. L., IX. 989. And fear of Death deliver to the Windes.

456 1739.  J. Wesley, Hymn, ‘Commit thou all thy Griefs’ (trans. B. Gerhardt, ‘Befiehl’ du deine Wege’), ix. Give to the Winds thy Fears.

457 1801.  Marvellous Love-Story, II. 319. The specious cant of subtilty and self-interest she always … ‘gave to the winds.’

458 1884.  ‘Edna Lyall,’ We Two, iii. Science went to the winds.

459 1885.  ‘Mrs. Alexander,’ At Bay, ii. You must throw your fears to the winds.

460   26.  Under the wind: on the side away from the wind; on one’s lee, to leeward; spec. in a position of shelter from the wind; under the lee of something. Chiefly Naut. and dial.

461 c. 1410.  Master of Game, xxvi. (1904), 83. If þei may se hym and þei be in þe wynde þei ought to wiþdrawe hym in þe softest maner … and þan go preuyli to þei be vndir þe wynde.

462 1598.  Florio, Sottouento, vnder the lee or winde.

463 1603.  Lodge, Treat. Plague, iv. (Hunter. Cl.), 23. The healthfuil ought to keepe themselues vnder, not ouer the winde.

464 1698.  Froger, Voy., 42. They kept their word, so that the Portugueses conveyed the vessel under the wind into a creek.

465 1787.  Best, Angling (ed. 2), 131. Always pitch your boat under the wind.

466 1826.  Samouelle, Direct. Collect. Insects & Crust., 46. The most successful places for mothing are the skirts of woods under the wind.

467 1893.  Selous, Trav. S. E. Africa, 92. As he had come up under the wind, the dogs had not scented him.

468   27.  Up (the) wind: in the direction contrary to that in which the wind is blowing; against the wind: the opposite of down (the) wind, 18 a.

469 1611–.  [see UP prep.2 4]

470 1709.  Brit. Apollo, II. No. 51. 2/2. Rabits when they go a grazing in the Night go up the Wind.

471 1719.  D’Urfey, Pills, III. 269. The Fox has broke Covert,… she runs up the Wind.

472 1838.  [see UP-WIND adv.].

473 1859.  Sporting Mag., Jan., 5. Passing over the earths, he came away directly, with his head up wind.

474 1874.  Kennel Club Stud Bk., 128. Rake and Romp went off merrily, but flushed some birds up wind.

475   28.  Upon a wind (Naut.) = 24.

476 a. 1687.  Petty, Treat. Naval Philos., I. ii. The line unto which she stoops upon a Wind of either side.

477 1708.  Lond. Gaz., No. 4422/7. They clapp’d again upon a Wind and left us.

478 1810.  Scott, Lett., in Lockhart (1837), II. vii. 276. I would … endeavour to go, as the sailors express it, upon a wind, and make use of it to carry me my own way.

479 1846.  Raikes, Mem. Brenton, 328. Every ship … made all the sail she could carry upon a wind.

480   29.  With the wind: in the direction in which the wind is blowing.

481 1577.  Googe, trans. Heresbach’s Husb., 41 b. In reapyng, you must regarde to goe with the wynde.

482 1607.  Topsell, Four-f. Beasts, 136. He betaketh himselfe to his heeles againe, running still with the wind.

483 1616.  W. Browne, Brit. Past., II. ii. 48. A gallant Stag … Came running with the winde.

484 1722.  De Foe, Col. Jack (1840), 298. We went spooning away large with the wind for one of the islands.

485   V.  30. Obvious combinations. a. attrib. Of, pertaining to, consisting of, produced or effected by (the) wind, as wind-action, -blast, -current, -erosion, -gust, -movement, -power (POWER sb.1 13), -pressure, -puff, -storm, -supply (sense 12); serving for the passage of wind, as wind-passage; for defence against the wind, as wind-guard, -shield.

486 1883.  Science, II. 142/2. This in combination with the *wind-action, by which sand has been blown inland from the shore, has added nearly one hundred square miles of lowland.

487 1582.  Stanyhurst, Æneis, I. (Arb.), 19. A great hurly burlye the *wyndblasts.

488 1902.  F. Thompson, Cecil Rhodes, 82. Like to a smouldering fire by wind-blasts swirled.

489 1866.  A. Steinmetz, Weathercasts, 53. There are two constant principal *wind-currents—NORTH-EAST and SOUTH-WEST.

490 1901.  Athenæum, 7 Dec., 778/2. He particularly commended to geologists the study of *wind erosion of snow hardened by pressure and low temperature.

491 1862.  Catal. Internat. Exhib., II. x. 12. The following designs in terra cotta chimney tops have proved themselves the most efficient *wind guards introduced.

492 1820.  Clare, Poems, Crazy Nell, x. A *wind-gust blew high.

493 1853.  Kane, Grinnell Exp., xxxv. (1856), 319. The apparent *wind-movements of our exhibitions [of aurora] in Lancaster Sound.

494 1900.  Jrnl. Sch. Geog. (U.S.), April, 155. The average monthly wind movement at Denver is two thousand miles less than at New York.

495 1844.  H. Stephens, Bk. Farm, II. 303. In the *wind-passage of the fanners.

496 1903.  Daily Chron., 14 Jan., 5/2. *Wind-power, water-power, and solar-power are running to waste.

497 1892.  Chambers’s Encycl., X. 677/2. The British Association Committee on *Wind-pressure have reported cases of 80 and 90 lb. to the square foot.

498 1582.  Stanyhurst, Æneis, IV. (Arb.), 121. Foorth with her heat fading, her liefe too *windpuf auoyded.

499 1902.  Encycl. Brit. (ed. 10), XXVII. 327/1. A motor … driven at a rate which the cyclist can follow with the protection of a *wind-shield.

500 1398.  Trevisa, Barth. De P. R., XVII. cxvii. (Bodl. MS.). Þe vine … wiþstondeþ bi helpe þerof *winde stormes.

501 1883.  G. C. Davies, Norfolk Broads, xxxiv. (1884), 263. In a country as open as the sea, wind-storms are frequent and heavy.

502 1879.  Organ Voicing, 6. If the holes in the upper-board … pinch the *wind-supply.

503   b.  objective, as wind-gatherer, -seller; wind-making, -spilling (SPILL v. 13 b); wind-obeying, -outspeeding, -raising (RAISE v. 7) adjs.; indirect objective = to (the) wind, as wind-exposed, -like adj. and adv.; = from or against (the) wind, as wind-proof adj.

504 c. 1611.  Chapman, Iliad, III. 323. *Winde-exposed Ilion.

505 1621.  T. Granger, Eccles. vi. 16. 130. The *wind-gatherer feeleth the winde, but graspeth naught.

506 1638.  Cowley, Love’s Riddle, IV. i. I am not satisfied with *wind-like promises Which only touch the lips.

507 1820.  Shelley, Prometh. Unb., III. ii. 45. Behold the Nereids under the green sea, Their wavering limbs borne on the wind-like stream.

508 1590.  Shaks., Com. Err., I. i. 64. The alwaies *winde-obeying deepe.

509 1820.  Shelley, Hymn Merc., xciv. Their *wind-outspeeding wings.

510 1616.  Chapman, Odyss., VI. 341. A shore, *wind-proofe, and full of shade.

511 1856.  Kane, Arctic Expl., I. xxvii. 355. I have some eight sledge-loads more to collect before our little home can be called wind-proof.

512 1850.  Thackeray, Pendennis, v. The *wind-raising conspiracies in which he engages with heroes as unfortunate as himself.

513 1600.  S. Nicholson, Acolastus (1876), 28. Idle words,… *wind-wasting arbitrators.

514   c.  instrumental, locative, etc. By, in, or with (the) wind, as wind-beaten, -built, -chapped, -clipped, -dispersed, -fanned, -fertilized, † -grown, -parted, -puffed, -rent, -scattered, -struck, -stuffed, -swept, -swung, -tossed, -waved, -whipped, -worn adjs.; wind-flowing, -wandering, etc. adjs.; wind-waving sb. and adj.; wind-winnow vb.

515 1582.  Stanyhurst, Æneis, III. (Arb.), 89. A *windbeaten hard shrimp.

516 1622.  Bacon, Hen. VII., 188. The Casuall and Wind-beaten Discouerie … of a Spanish Pilot.

517 1800.  Campbell, Exile of Erin, 4. To wander alone by the wind-beaten hill.

518 1646.  Quarles, Sheph. Oracles, v. 52. *Wind-blazing Tapours hurry to and fro.

519 1820.  Shelley, Cloud, 55. When I widen the rent in my *wind-built tent.

520 1629.  Quarles, Argalus & P., III. 3. Aprills gentle show’rs are slidden downe To close the *wind-chapt earth.

521 1855.  Kingsley, Westw. Ho! xxviii. The row of *wind-clipt trees.

522 1865.  Dickens, Mut. Fr., II. xiii. The water of the kennels, *wind-dispersed, flew about in drops like rain.

523 1612.  Two Noble K., V. i. 146. Pure As *windefand Snow.

524 1879.  Lubbock, Sci. Lect., i. 9. *Wind-fertilised flowers produce much more pollen than those which are fertilised by insects.

525 1820.  Shelley, Prometh. Unb., IV. 222. The *wind-flowing folds Of its white robe.

526 1660.  T. Gentleman, Best Way, 11. In distresse of *wind-grown Sea.

527 1827.  Hood, Hero & Leander, x. Like trees, *wind-parted, that embrace anon.

528 1592.  Nashe, P. Penilesse, 40. Those *wind puft bladders.

529 1592–6.  Greene, Groatsw. Wit, Wks. (Grosart), XII. 145. Wind-puft wrath.

530 1788.  Coleridge, Sonn. to Autumnal Moon, 7. The *wind-rent cloud.

531 1833.  Tennyson, Dream Fair Women, viii. White surf *wind-scatter’d over sails and masts.

532 1880.  Swinburne, Songs bef. Sunrise, Christmas Antiphones, III. 64. Though man’s vain desire Hang faith’s *wind-struck lyre Out in tuneless air.

533 1627.  May, Lucan, III. 1. Now had the *wind-stuffde sailes brought out the Fleet.

534 1812.  W. Tennant, Anster Fair, II. lxix. From Cellardyke to *wind-swept Pittenweem.

535 1877.  Black, Green Past., xxxiv. The wind-swept waters.

536 1805.  Scott, Last Minstrel, I. xiv. The groan of the *wind-swung oak.

537 1860.  Miss Yonge, Hopes & Fears, I. v. 240. Lucilla remained standing before the glass, arranging her *wind-tossed hair.

538 1887.  Bowen, Virg. Æneid, VI. 335. Over the wind-tossed waters.

539 1820.  Shelley, Witch Atl., l. 6. Some *wind-wandering Fragment of inky thunder-stroke.

540 1809.  R. Kerr, Agric. Surv. Berwick, 233. In years of peculiarly windy weather, the stem, where it enters the earth, is often blown about, in a whirling manner…. This is provincially called *wind-waved.

541 1799.  W. Nicol, Pract. Planter, i. 13. *Wind-waving … by loosening the old, and … breaking the new fibres, contributes to stint the whole tree in growth.

542 c. 1300.  Metr. Hom. (Small), 36. To se a *wind waiuande rede.

543 1848.  Buckley, Iliad, 406. The wind-waving fig-tree.

544 1873.  B. Harte, Fiddletown, 28. There was a fierce unrest in the *wind-whipped streets.

545 1710.  Hilman, Tusser Rediv., Sept. (1744), 116. A Cart Nave I suppose is to stand up upon when they *Wind-winnow.

546 1816.  Byron, Ch. Har., III. xxxii. The ruin’d wall Stands when its *wind-worn battlements are gone.

547   d.  similative and parasynthetic, in epithets (chiefly poetic) expressing swiftness, as wind-foot, -footed, -swift, -winged adjs.

548 1598.  Chapman, Iliad, VII. [XI.] 178. The *wind-foote swift Thaumantia obayde.

549 1848.  Buckley, Iliad, 272. *Wind-footed, swift Iris.

550 c. 1280.  Names of Hare, in Rel. Ant., I. 133. Þe *wint swifft.

551 1592.  Shaks., Rom. & Jul., II. v. 8. Therefore hath the wind-swift Cupid wings.

552 1883.  Bridges, Prometheus, 530. Meteors … ever on their windswift course.

553 c. 1595.  J. Dickenson, Sheph. Compl. (1873), 11. The *wind-wing’d Naiads.

554 1817.  Shelley, Rev. Islam, IX. xxii. O Spring, of … love, and youth, and gladness Wind-winged emblem.

555   31.  Special combinations: † wind-balk, (a) = WIND-BEAM1 (see BALK sb. 11); (b) = WINDROW sb. (cf. BALK sb. II); wind-bar, the back of the wind-chest of an organ; † wind-barge, a slab placed along the edge of a roof as a protection from the wind (cf. WATER-BARGE); † wind-bed, an air-bed; wind-belt, a belt of trees planted for protection from the wind; wind-bill Sc. (cf. 14), an accommodation-bill; † wind-bladder, (a) an inflated bladder; (b) the air-bladder of a fish; wind-blown a., blown up or inflated; blown along or about; blown upon by (the) wind; wind-bore, the suction-pipe of a pump, or the lower end of this; wind-box = wind-chest; wind-brace, a diagonal brace (BRACE sb.2 17) connecting the rafters of a roof; wind-bracing, a similar structure in a cantilever; † wind-breaker (cf. 10), a drug that expels flatulence, a carminative; so † wind-breaking a., carminative; † wind-broach [cf. BROACH sb. 12], a name for a hurdy-gurdy; † wind-cane = WIND-GUN; † wind-catch, a squall of wind; wind-changing a., changing like the wind, inconstant; wind-chest, an air-tight chest or box in an organ or similar instrument, which is filled with wind from the bellows, and from which the wind is admitted to the pipes or reeds; wind-cistern = prec.; wind-cock, † (a) = wind-mow; (b) a weathercock; wind-colic, colic caused by flatulence; wind-contusion, an internal injury without any external mark of violence, formerly supposed to be caused by the ‘wind’ (see 13) of a cannon-ball, shell or other projectile; wind-dial, a dial showing the direction of the wind by means of a pointer connected with a wind-vane; also fig. (cf. 15 b); † wind-discusser = wind-breaker; wind-dog [DOG sb. 10 a], name for a fragment of rainbow, supposed to presage wind; † wind-dropsy = TYMPANITES, TYMPANY 1; wind-engine, a machine driven by the wind, as a windmill; † wind-fan, a winnowing-fan; wind-fanner (-vanner) local, the kestrel; wind-fast a. = WIND-TIGHT 1; † wind-fill v., trans. to fill up gaps or cavities in (a wall, etc.) so as to keep the wind out (cf. FILLING vbl. sb. 2); † wind-flaucht a. or adv. Sc. [FLAUGHT adv.], sprawling, as if overthrown by the wind; wind-furnace, a furnace in which the draught is obtained by means of a (high or narrow) chimney without the aid of bellows or other mechanical blower as in a blast-furnace; wind-gap (see GAP sb.1 5 b); † wind-glass (see quot.); wind-god, a deity presiding over the winds; † wind-gout, gout supposed to be caused by ‘wind’ (see 10); wind-grass, a name for Agrostis Spica-venti; † wind-hand, the side towards the wind; wind-harp, an Æolian harp (also allusively); wind-hole, † (a) the opening at the top of the windpipe, the glottis; (b) an opening in brickwork for the passage of air; (c) the hole in the lower board of a pair of bellows; (d) a ventilating shaft in a mine; (e) each of the openings in the sound-board of an organ, through which wind is admitted to the pipes; wind-jammer U.S. slang, (a) a loquacious person; (b) a sailing vessel; wind-knot, a knot tied on a rope, supposed magically to ensure a favorable wind; † wind-lap, the tongue or reed of a wind-instrument; wind-lipper Naut. [LIPPER sb.1], a rippling or ruffling of the surface of the water caused by the first rising of a breeze; wind-list [LIST sb.3 4], -logged a. [cf. WATER-LOGGED] (see quots.); † wind-loft Naut., ? = wind-taut sb.; wind-machine, a machine driven by the wind, or one for producing a ‘wind’ or blast of air; wind-motor [MOTOR 3], a machine deriving its motive power from the force of the wind; esp. of the form of a windmill; wind-mow dial. [MOW sb.1], one of a number of small ricks in which hay or corn is temporarily stacked in showery weather to be dried by exposure to the wind; † wind-music, music played on wind-instruments; also such instruments themselves, or a company of players on them [cf. MUSIC sb. 5, 6]; † wind-musket = WIND-GUN; wind-pinning [cf. PIN v.1 3 c, PINNING 1 a, 2 a], the filling up of interstices in masonry to keep out the wind; wind-pole [POLE sb.2], each of two opposite points of the compass taken as the standard ones in relation to the direction of the wind; wind-porch, a chamber constructed on the inner side of a doorway to keep the wind out; wind-pox, chicken-pox (Billings, Med. Dict., 1890); wind-pump, † (a) an air-pump; (b) a pump driven by a wind-wheel (Knight, Dict. Mech., 1875); † wind-ræs [RESE sb.], a storm of wind; † wind-rake, ? the raking up of windfalls, or the right to do this; wind-road, (a) a track or course habitually taken by the wind (nonce-use); (b) a passage for ventilation in a mine (Gresley, Gloss., 1883); wind-rode, also † -road (see RIDE v. A. 3 γ), a., Naut., swung by the wind, as a ship riding at anchor (opp. to tide-rode: see TIDE sb. 16 b); also as sb., the position of a ship so riding; wind-screen, a screen for protection from the wind, now esp. in front of the driver’s seat on a motor-car; wind-shaft, the shaft that carries the sails in a windmill; wind-stroke, a stroke or injury caused or supposed to be caused by the wind (see quots.); wind-swell, a form of swell in an organ operated by a valve in the wind-trunk; wind-taut a., Naut. [from phr. to hold wind taut]: see quots.; also as sb. = condition of being wind-taut; wind-throstle, -thrush, the redwing; wind-tie = wind-brace; wind-trunk, a large tube (usually of wood) in an organ or similar instrument, through which the wind passes from the bellows to the wind-chest; wind-vane, (a) the sail of a windmill (= VANE 3 a); (b) a weathercock (= VANE 1); wind-vanner: see wind-fanner above; † wind-vent = SUSPIRAL 2; wind-way, (a) a ventilating passage in a mine, an air-way; (b) the narrow slit in an organ-pipe through which the wind strikes upon the lip so as to make the pipe speak; (c) access of the wind to a sailing vessel so as to give her freedom of passage (cf. WAY sb.1 6); wind-wheel, a wheel turned by the wind to drive some mechanism, as in a windmill or wind-pump; † wind-work (cf. 11), the process or function of respiration.

556 1532–3.  Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees), 173. Pro sarracione 13/4 rod in *wyndbalks, stoys, pouynchys, 4s. 8d.

557 1611.  Cotgr., s.v. Rouë, Mettre le foin en rouë, viz. in wind-baulkes, or wind-rowes.

558 1894.  Northumbld. Gloss., Wind-balk, a wind-beam or collar-beam; a beam stretching across the upper part of two roof principals. (Obs.)

559 1881.  W. E. Dickson, Organ-Build., v. 60. The back of the chest, called the *‘wind-bar,’… should be of strong and sound stuff.

560 1603.  G. Owen, Pembrokeshire (1892), 79. Arches, Coinestones, waterberges, and *wynd berges or any other hewen worke.

561 1576.  Turberv., Venerie, 194. Some vse to carrie a *Windbed which is made of leather strongly sowed on all foure sides, and hauing a pype at one of the corners to blow it,… and when it is blowen full of wind, to stoppe it vp and lie vpon it on the grounde.

562 1903.  C. Bald, Indian Tea, x. (1917), 123. This characteristic [sc. evergreen foliage] makes the several varieties of Dalbergia very suitable for planting as *windbelts.

563 1813.  Headrick, Agric. Surv. Forfarshire, 589. If they [sc. bank notes] be not convertible into specie at the option of the holder, there is a strong temptation to issue them on what are called *wind bills, where there is no corresponding value of commodities in existence.

564 1821.  Scott, Pirate, iv. He would have got a bank-credit, manœuvred with wind-bills.

565 1594.  Nashe, Terrors of Night, To Rdr. If they chance but on a moate or a *wind bladder, they neuer haue done with it, till they haue cleane … tost it out of sight.

566 1692.  Ray, Creation, I. (ed. 2), 141. As for Fishes … The Wind-bladder, wherewith most of them are furnished, serves to poise their Bodies.

567 1593.  Nashe, Christ’s T., 72. What is beauty more then a *wind-blowne bladder?

568 1600.  Rowlands, Letting of Humours Blood, Sat. vii. 83. More light and toyish than the wind-blown chaffe.

569 1638.  Brathwait, Barnabees Jrnl., I. (1818), 17. A wind-blowne house.

570 1876.  M. Collins, in F. Collins, Lett. & Friendsh. (1877), II. 158. Wind-blown daffodils.

571 1887.  F. Cowper, Cædwalla, i. 6. A low island, covered with bushes and a few wind-blown trees.

572 1797.  J. Curr, Coal Viewer, 58. The *Wind Bores … May be cast 8 feet long with a plain or egg bottom.

573 1838.  Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl., I. 189/1. D, is a metal pipe or strainer, which is also termed a suction-pipe or wind-bore.

574 1852.  Seidel, Organ, 38. A square box, called the *wind-box.

575 1889.  Cath. Household, 30 Nov., 4. Traceried *windbraces.

576 1890.  W. J. Gordon, Foundry, 51. The *wind-bracing was fitted in its long diamonds of lattice.

577 1694.  Salmon, Bate’s Dispens. (1713), 620/1. The sugared oily Carminative, or *Wind-breaker.

578 1609.  Rowley, Search for Money (Percy Soc.), 17. Good holsome *windebreaking pippins.

579 1653.  Urquhart, Rabelais, II. xxx. 198. A … player on that instrument which is called a *windbroach.

580 1702.  T. Brown, Lett. fr. Dead, Wks. 1730, II. 234. To fumble out a fine sonata upon a wind-broach.

581 1723.  E. Stone, trans. Bion’s Math. Instrum., III. ii. (1758), 95. The Construction of the *Wind-Cane.

582 1610.  Folkingham, Feudigraphia, 10. Sweeping or floating Waters, which flit and fleete to and fro with *wind-catches.

583 1665.  W. Dodson, Designe Draining Gt. Level Fens, 13. Those Banks I did not make for Sea Banks,… but laid them near to avoid a Winde-catch.

584 1593.  Shaks., 3 Hen. VI., V. i. 57. *Wind-changing Warwicke now can change no more.

585 1797.  Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3), XIII. 487/2. (Organ) IKKK is the *wind-chest, which is a square box fitted close to the under side of the lower board.

586 1852.  Seidel, Organ, 52. The length of the wind-chest depends on the compass of the key-board.

587 1880.  E. J. Hopkins, in Grove, Dict. Mus., II. 605/1. The *wind-cisterns or wind-chests.

588 1610.  R. Vaughan, Water-Workes, M 4 b. You mow one day, you ted an other, you spend one in gathering it into *winde-cockes.

589 1920.  Masefield, Right Royal, 6.        Smoke above trees, by day, or spires of churches Gleaming with swinging wind-cocks on their perches.

590 1593.  Nashe, Christ’s T., 45 b. Euery part of thee [shall] be wrunge as with the *wind-chollick.

591 1654.  Gataker, Disc. Apol., 57. I came home, arrested with a sharp fit of the Wind-Colick.

592 1731.  Fielding, Tom Thumb, I. iii. I feel a sudden Pain within my Breast, Nor know I whether it arise from Love, Or only the Wind-Cholick.

593 1822–7.  Good, Study Med. (1829), I. 239. The oppressive distention of wind-colic.

594 1857.  Dunglison, Med. Lex., Wind of a ball, a term applied to the compression of air, supposed to be produced by the passage of a ball near a part of the body, so as to occasion what has been called a *wind contusion.

595 1872.  Longmore, Gunshot Injuries, 95. The true explanation of the phenomena observed in cases of so-called ‘wind contusions’ is to be found in the peculiar direction, the degree of obliquity, with which the missile has happened to impinge against the elastic skin.

596 1706.  in J. Ashton, Soc. Life Reign Q. Anne (1882), II. 56. The *WIND DIAL, lately set up at Grigsby’s Coffee and Chocolate House,… being of Constant use to those that are in any wise Concerned in Navigation.

597 1761.  Ld. Hardwicke, in Life (1847), III. xiv. 257. A great change was made in the political wind-dial before you left us.

598 1676.  J. Cooke, Mellif. Chirurg., Alph. Table, *Wind-discussers.

599 1860.  Fitz-Roy, in Merc. Marine Mag., VII. 344. *‘Wind dogs,’ and the rainbow, are more or less significant of increasing wind.

600 1607.  Topsell, Four-f. Beasts, 386. The Timpany, which … may be called in English the *wind dropsie.

601 1822–7.  Good, Study Med. (1829), V. 451. Making an artificial opening into the cavity of the abdomen in the case of wind-dropsy, as well as in that of water-dropsy.

602 1669.  Worlidge, Syst. Agric. (1681), 21, note. *Wind-Engines for the raising of Water.

603 c. 975.  Rushw. Gosp., Luke iii. 17. His … *wind fone in honda his.

604 1761.  Descr. S. Carolina, 7. Afterwards it is … winnowed, which was formerly a very tedious Operation, but it is now performed … by a very simple Machine, a Wind-Fan.

605 1668.  Charleton, Onomast., 64. Accipiter Tinnunculus,… the *Wind-vanner.

606 a. 1836.  Johnes, in Mrs. Bray, Tamar & Tavy (1838), I. 346. The kestrel, called here the wind-fanner and windhover, from its motion when hovering over the same spot in search of its quarry.

607 1648.  in J. Davidson, Inverurie (1878), 302. The heritors in all parishes are ordained to keep the kirk *wind-fast and water-tight.

608 1601.  Stanford Churchw. Acc., in Antiquary (1888), May, 213. To John Rayner for *wind-fillinge the Church wall ijs.

609 1513.  Douglas, Æneis, V. vi. 86. He … Maid hym lycht *windflaucht [orig. revolutus] on the ground vnclene.

610 1651.  French, Distill., vi. 190. Put those cakes … into a *Winde Furnace.

611 1683.  K. Digby’s Chym. Secr., 132. Put them in a Wind-Furnace to Calcine.

612 1704.  J. Harris, Lex. Techn., I. s.v. Furnace, A Wind Furnace, or Furnace for Fusions, which is so called, because the Wind comes forcibly to blow the Coals, in order to Melt or Fuse the Matter in the Crucible or Coppel.

613 1763.  W. Lewis, Comm. Philos.-Techn., 11. A Wind-Furnace, for the fusion of metals.

614 1869.  Roscoe, Elem. Chem. (1871), 240. The oldest method of manufacturing wrought iron was to reduce it at once from the ore by heating in a wind-furnace with charcoal or coal.

615 1875.  Knight, Dict. Mech., Wind-furnace, a furnace in which a strong heat is obtained … by means of a powerful draft, depending on a narrow flue or chimney of considerable elevation. Ibid. (1884), Suppl. 948/2. Wind furnace (Metallurgy), one depending upon the draft of a chimney, as distinguished from a blast furnace.

616 1585.  Higins, Junius’ Nomencl., 262/1. Cucurbitula,… a *wind glasse, cupping glasse, or boxing glasse.

617 1594.  Marlowe & Nashe, Dido, I. i. The *Wind-god warring now with Fate.

618 1803.  H. K. White, Rem., To Herb Rosemary, iii. The wind-god, as he flies, Moans hollow in the Forest trees.

619 1662.  R. Mathew, Unl. Alch., 144. A man near fourteen years, afflicted … with the *Wind-Gout in his hands.

620 1847.  Leichhardt, Jrnl., xi. 339. This was not covered with … the dry *wind-grass of the plains north of the Staaten.

621 1884.  Miller, Plant-n., Apera (Agrostis) Spica-venti, Corn-grass, Wind-grass.

622 1670.  Nye, Gunnery, II. 12. When you come to your Peece, set your Boudge barrel on the *wind-hand thereof.

623 1813.  Hogg, Queen’s Wake (1814), 109. When … *wind-harp at thy window swells.

624 1841–4.  Emerson, Ess., Nature, Wks. (Bohn), I. 225. The musical steaming odorous south wind, which converts all trees to wind-harps.

625 13[?].  Gaw. & Gr. Knt., 1336. Þay … grayþely departed Þe wesaunt fro þe *wynt-hole.

626 1683.  Moxon, Mech. Exerc., Printing, xviii. ¶ 2. Lay the ends of each Brick about three Inches off each other, to serve for Wind-holes.

627 1688.  R. Holme, Armoury, III. xiv. (Roxb.), 7/1. The wind hole, a square hole in the middle of the under board [of a pair of bellows].

628 1802.  Mawe, Min. Derbysh., Gloss., Wind-holes, shafts or sumps sunk to convey wind or air.

629 1881.  W. E. Dickson, Organ-Build., ix. 122. Let us be sure that the flow of wind to that pipe is not interrupted … by a chip in the wind-hole.

630 1893.  Columbus (Ohio) Disp., 7 Aug. The few workers present are effectually playing the part of *windjammers and many rumors are afloat.

631 1899.  Harmsworth Mag., March, 102/1. A large three-masted wind-jammer was caught by the gale and disabled in next to no time.

632 1909.  Athenæum, 31 July, 121/3. It deals with the homeward passage of a big steel ‘windjammer’ from Calcutta—a typical chapter from the life of merchant-service Jack.

633 1868–9.  Routledge’s Ev. Boy’s Ann., 367. The witches of Lapland sold *‘wind-knots’ tied on a rope to their seafaring customers.

634 1570.  Levins, Manip., 27/29. Ye *Wyndlappe, lingula.

635 1789.  Trans. Soc. Arts, II. 210. We can do nothing with the guns when there is any swell, or *wind lipper.

636 1815.  W. Scoresby, in Mem. Wernerian Soc., II. 324, note. The first effects of a breeze of wind on smooth water is by seamen called wind-lipper.

637 1898.  Miss Yonge, J. Keble’s Parishes, 173. *Wind-list, white streak of faint cloud across a blue sky, showing the direction of the wind.

638 a. 1687.  Petty, Treat. Naval Philos., I. ii. The next enquiry must be, what extent of Sail our Vessel must carry,… and from thence the *Wind-loft.

639 1829.  R. Stuart, Anecd. Steam Eng., I. 149. Air remained in the cylinder, and prevented … the fall of the piston…: from this cause alone, (and which was afterwards known by the term of *wind-logged) this engine must have soon ceased its motion.

640 1745.  in 6th Rep. Dep. Kpr., App. II. 122. A self-regulating *Wind Machine.

641 1799.  Hull Advertiser, 7 Sept., 4/2. These wind machines … species of gigantic bellows.

642 1812.  Sir J. Sinclair, Syst. Husb. Scot., I. 341. The annual expence of repairs … will not much exceed that of a wind machine.

643 1881.  Sir W. Thomson, in Nature, 8 Sept., 434/2. It is most probable that windmills or *wind-motors in some form will again be in the ascendant, and that wind will do man’s mechanical work on land at least in proportion comparable to its present doing of work at sea.

644 1813.  T. Davis, Agric. Wilts, 265. *Wind Mows, cocks of a waggon-load or more, into which hay is sometimes put previous to ricking in catching weather.

645 1650.  Bulwer, Anthropomet. (1653), 274. *Wind-Musique doth not deform the Visage.

646 1661.  [see MUSIC sb. 6].

647 a. 1700.  Evelyn, Diary, 21 Dec. 1662. Instead of the … solemn wind musiq accompanying the organ, was introduced a concert of 24 violins.

648 1700.  J. Brome, Trav., 127. The Statues of two Men playing on Wind-Musick.

649 1795.  Life John Metcalf, 109. There being at that time no music in the army except Colonel Howard’s, (the Old Buffs) and which being wind music were unaccustomed to country dances.

650 1661.  [T. Powell], Hum. Industry, 34. *Wind-muskets that some have devised to shoot bullets withal.

651 1833.  Loudon, Encycl. Archit., § 234. To do all the *wind-pinnings (filling in the angle between the wall-plate and the roof).

652 1863.  Fitzroy, Weather Bk., 173. Taking, with Dové, north-east and south-west (true) as the *‘wind-poles.’

653 1899.  Committee’s Appeal for Hexham Abbey, 6. The old internal *wind porch, now used as a press in the vestry.

654 1660.  Boyle, New Exp. Phys.-Mech., Proem 6. The *Wind-Pump … is so contriv’d, that to evacuate the Vessel there is requir’d the … labor of two … men.

655 c. 950.  Lindisf. Gosp., Mark iv. 37. *Wind-ræs … michelo windes.

656 c. 1205.  Lay., 9244. Mid þan wind-ræsen al heo gunnen to-reosen.

657 1622.  N. Riding Rec. (N.S.), II. 4. Every Towen or lorshipp that of reighte haith any *winderake for there goodes in the forrest.

658 1860.  Maury, Phys. Geog. Sea, xii. § 551. There are two *‘wind-roads,’ crossing this sea.

659 1902.  Daily Chron., 10 Sept., 5/7. Being in the wind road we got a little air.

660 c. 1635.  Capt. N. Boteler, Dial. Sea Services (1685), 136. To Ride *Wind-rode, is when the Wind hath more power over her in her Riding than the Tide hath.

661 1635.  Voy. Foxe & James to N. W. (Hakl. Soc.), II. 379. The Ship came not to wind-road.

662 1794.  Rigging & Seamanship, II. 302. The ship becomes windroad.

663 1841.  R. H. Dana, Seaman’s Man., 89. To get under Way wind-rode, with a Weather Tide; that is, a tide setting to windward.

664 1903.  A. H. Henderson, in Cornhill Mag., Oct., 574. Peering over the canvas *wind-screen of the bridge [of a yacht].

665 1905.  Westm. Gaz., 18 Nov., 9/1. With its hood and wind-screen, [the car] is well fitted for the use of the general practitioner.

666 1908.  Animal Managem., 150. Wind screens may be … made of turf walls or tall, wattled hurdles, placed to windward of the lines.

667 1825.  J. Nicholson, Operat. Mechanic, 123. The other method of bringing the *wind-shaft and sails into a position proper for receiving the impression of the wind.

668 c. 1400.  Sege Jerus. (E.E.T.S.), 40. Suþ went to þe walle on þe *wynde syde, & alle abrod on þe burwe blewen þe powder.

669 1601.  Holland, Pliny, XVII. xxviii. I. 547. Some content themselves to perfume Vines onely with the smoke of this composition, so as it bee done on the wind-side, that it may carie the fume directly to them.

670 1727.  Bradley’s Family Dict., s.v. Blight, To provide large Heaps of Weeds, Chaff, and other combustible Matter on the Wind-side of their Orchards.

671 1656.  Beale, Heref. Orchards (1657), 47. The clay-land binds the tree faster from *wind-strokes, the sandy-land hasteneth the growth more.

672 1890.  Billings, Med. Dict., Wind-stroke, acute spinal paralysis in the horse.

673 1913.  D. Bray, Life-Hist. Brāhūī, v. 109. And men well stricken in years often suffer from wind-stroke…. And a woman sometimes quits her bed after childbirth lamed by the wind in one leg.

674 1852.  Seidel, Organ, 27. The *Wind swell. Here the trunk is provided with a valve of velvet.

675 a. 1625.  Manwayring, Sea-man’s Dict. (1644), s.v., Any thing that holds wird aloft, which may prejudice the ship saileing or riding, is said to be *wind-taught (as too much rigging high roapes, and the like;) Also when we ride in any great stresse, we bring our yards alongst ships, strike downe our top-masts and the like: because they hold wind taught, that is, they hold wind stiffely.

676 1674.  Petty, Disc. Dupl. Proportion, 31. Where the Masts, Yards, Sails, and Rigging are great, the Wind-taught of the Ship will correspond, and will require proportionable Cables.

677 1704.  J. Harris, Lex. Techn., I. s.v., Too much Rigging,… or any thing catching or holding Wind aloft, is said to hold a Ship Wind-taught.

678 1826.  Sporting Mag. (U.S.), XVII. 199. The *wind-throstle or whindle … travels out of the North with the fel-fare.

679 1668.  Charleton, Onomast., 83. Turdus Illas … the *Wind-Thrush.

680 1706.  Phillips (ed. Kersey), s.v. Thrush, Wind-Thrush, a Bird so call’d because it comes in high Winds into England, in the beginning of Winter.

681 1873.  T. Cargill, Strains Bridge Girders, 186. Roofs, if they be thoroughly well secured by *wind-ties.

682 1858.  J. Baron, Scudamore Organs, 61. The essential parts of an organ are a set of keys,… a bellows, a *windtrunk, a windchest with its soundboard, and the pipes.

683 1725.  Bradley’s Fam. Dict., s.v. Wind-mil, That it may, swivel-like, turn any way, as you turn your *wind Vanes.

684 1858.  Froude, Hist. Eng., IV. xx. 228. The imbecile Arran could play no part but that of the wind-vane marking the changes in the air-currents.

685 c. 1450.  in Archæologia (1902), LVIII. 302. The firste *wynde went closid in ston.

686 1562.  [see SUSPIRAL 2].

687 1875.  Knight, Dict. Mech., *Wind-way (Mining), a passage for air.

688 1876.  Hiles, Catech. Organ, iv. (1878), 24. Between the language and the lips [of an organ-pipe] is a narrow slit or wind-way for the current of air to pass from the foot to the body of the pipe.

689 1887.  Daily News, 28 Sept., 3/1. They crossed behind the Volunteer, leaving the water very choppy for the Thistle and stopping her wind-way, materially lessening her speed.

690 1867.  A. Barry, Sir C. Barry, iii. 76. A horizontal *wind-wheel for raising water.

691 1908.  Hardy, Dynasts, III. III. iii. A fire is lit Near to the Thonberg wind-wheel.

692 1581.  Mulcaster, Positions, x. (1888), 56. The exercise of the voice … aideth … and comforteth the lunges in his *windworke.

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